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Delete 		2380.2.01 In one embodiment, each packet includes a packet identifier that is self-contained in that the packet identifier contains adequate information to identify the object and relationship within the object of the object elements contained within the packet. However, a more efficient preferred embodiment is to store packets in containers. 78 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 In another embodiment, the storage controller 152 includes a packetizer 302 that creates one or more data packets from the one or more data segments where the data packets are sized for storage in the data storage device 154. The packetizer 302 is described below in more detail with respect to FIG. 3. The packetizer 302 includes, in one embodiment, a messages module 270 that creates a header for each packet. The header includes a packet identifier and a packet length. The packet identifier relates the packet to the object for which the packet was formed. 77 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 In one embodiment, the storage controller 152 includes an object request queuing module 268 that queues one or more object requests received by the object request receiver module 260 prior to parsing by the parsing module 262. The object request queuing module 268 allows flexibility between when an object request is received and when it is queued. 76 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 Where the object index is stored in volatile memory, an error, loss of power, or other problem causing the storage controller 152 to shut down without saving the object index could be a problem if the object index cannot be reconstructed. The object index reconstruction module 272 allows the object index to be stored in volatile memory allowing the advantages of volatile memory, such as fast access. The object index reconstruction module 272 allows quick reconstruction of the object index autonomously without dependence on a device external to the storage device 150. 84 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 In another embodiment, where the object request receiver module 260 receives an object request that includes a command that erases a data block or other object elements, the storage controller 152 may store at least one packet such as an erase packet that includes information including a reference to the object, relationship to the object, and the size of the data block erased. Additionally, it may further indicate that the erased object elements are filled with zeros. Thus, the erase object request can be used to emulate actual memory or storage that is erased and actually has a portion of the appropriate memory/storage actually stored with zeros in the cells of the memory/storage. 74 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 Typically, when an object request or group of object requests results in an object or data segment being modified, possibly during a read-modify-write operation, the object index module 266 updates an entry in the object index corresponding the modified object. In one embodiment, the object index creates a new object and a new entry in the object index for the modified object. Typically, where only a portion of an object is modified, the object includes modified data packets and some data packets that remain unchanged. In this case, the new entry includes a mapping to the unchanged data packets as where they were originally written and to the modified objects written to a new location. 73 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 The object index module 266 creates an object entry into an object index at the time the data packet is stored and the physical address of the data packet is assigned. The object entry includes a mapping between a logical identifier of the object and one or more physical addresses corresponding to where the storage controller 152 stored one or more data packets and any object metadata packets. In another embodiment, the entry in the object index is created before the data packets of the object are stored. For example, if the storage controller 152 determines a physical address of where the data packets are to be stored earlier, the object index module 266 may create the entry in the object index earlier. 72 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 The apparatus 200 includes an object index module 266 that creates an object entry in an object index in response to the storage controller 152 creating an object or storing the data segment of the object. Typically, the storage controller 152 creates a data packet from the data segment and the location of where the data packet is stored is assigned at the time the data segment is stored. Object metadata received with a data segment or as part of an object request may be stored in a similar way. 71 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 The apparatus 200 includes a command execution module 264 that executes the command(s) parsed from the object request. In one embodiment, the command execution module 264 executes one command. In another embodiment, the command execution module 264 executes multiple commands. Typically, the command execution module 264 interprets a command parsed from the object request, such as a write command, and then creates, queues, and executes subcommands. For example, a write command parsed from an object request may direct the storage controller 152 to store multiple data segments. The object request may also include required attributes such as encryption, compression, etc. The command execution module 264 may direct the storage controller 152 to compress the data segments, encrypt the data segments, create one or more data packets and associated headers for each data packet, encrypt the data packets with a media encryption key, add error correcting code, and store the data packets a specific location. Storing the data packets at a specific location and other subcommands may also be broken down into other lower level subcommands. One of skill in the art will recognize other ways that the command execution module 264 can execute one or more commands parsed from an object request. 70 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 The apparatus 200 includes a parsing module 262 that parses the object request into one or more commands. Typically, the parsing module 262 parses the object request into one or more buffers. For example, one or more commands in the object request may be parsed into a command buffer. Typically the parsing module 262 prepares an object request so that the information in the object request can be understood and executed by the storage controller 152. One of skill in the art will recognize other functions of a parsing module 262 that parses an object request into one or more commands. 69 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 Advantageously, the storage controller 152 can accept write requests that do more than write a new object or append data to an existing object. For example, a write request received by the object request receiver module 260 may include a request to add data ahead of data stored by the storage controller 152, to insert data into the stored data, or to replace a segment of data. The object index maintained by the storage controller 152 provides the flexibility required for these complex write operations that is not available in other storage controllers, but is currently available only outside of storage controllers in file systems of servers and other computers. 68 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 In one embodiment, the object request is a write request to write all or part of an object to a previously created object. In one example, the write request is for a data segment of an object. The other data segments of the object may be written to the storage device 150 or to other storage devices. In another example, the write request is for an entire object. In another example, the object request is to read data from a data segment managed by the storage controller 152. In yet another embodiment, the object request is a delete request to delete a data segment or object. 67 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 A solid-state storage element (e.g. SSS 0.0216a) is typically configured as a chip (a package of one or more dies) or a die on a circuit board. As depicted, a solid-state storage element (e.g. 216a) operates independently or semi-independently of other solid-state storage elements (e.g. 218a) even if these several elements are packaged together in a chip package, a stack of chip packages, or some other package element. As depicted, a column of solid-state storage elements 216, 218, 220 is designated as a bank 214. As depicted, there may be “n” banks 214a-n and “m” solid-state storage elements 216a-m, 218a-m, 220a-m per bank in an array of n×m solid-state storage elements 216, 218, 220 in a solid-state storage 110. In one embodiment, a solid-state storage 110a includes twenty solid-state storage elements 216, 218, 220 per bank 214 with eight banks 214 and a solid-state storage 110n includes 2 solid-state storage elements 216, 218 per bank 214 with one bank 214. In one embodiment, each solid-state storage element 216, 218, 220 is comprised of a single-level cell (“SLC”) devices. In another embodiment, each solid-state storage element 216, 218, 220 is comprised of multi-level cell (“MLC”) devices. 94 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 An erase block erase command may be sent out to erase an erase block over the storage I/O bus 210 with a particular erase block address to erase a particular erase block. Typically, an erase block erase command may be sent over the parallel paths of the storage I/O bus 210 to erase a virtual erase block, each with a particular erase block address to erase a particular erase block. Simultaneously a particular bank (e.g. bank-0214a) is selected over the storage control bus 212 to prevent erasure of similarly addressed erase blocks in all of the banks (banks 1-N 214b-n). Other commands may also be sent to a particular location using a combination of the storage I/O bus 210 and the storage control bus 212. One of skill in the art will recognize other ways to select a particular storage location using the bi-directional storage I/O bus 210 and the storage control bus 212. 103 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 Similarly, a read command traveling on the storage I/O bus 210 requires a simultaneous command on the storage control bus 212 to select a single bank 214a and the appropriate page within that bank 214a. In a preferred embodiment, a read command reads an entire page, and because there are multiple solid-state storage elements 216, 218, 220 in parallel in a bank 214, an entire virtual page is read with a read command. However, the read command may be broken into subcommands, as will be explained below with respect to bank interleave. A virtual page may also be accessed in a write operation. 102 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 Typically, when a packet is written to a particular location within a solid-state storage element 216, 218, 220, wherein the packet is intended to be written to a location within a particular page which is specific to a of a particular erase block of a particular element of a particular bank, a physical address is sent on the storage I/O bus 210 and followed by the packet. The physical address contains enough information for the solid-state storage element 216, 218, 220 to direct the packet to the designated location within the page. Since all storage elements in a row of storage elements (e.g. SSS 0.0-SSS 0.N 216a, 218a, 220a) are accessed simultaneously by the appropriate bus within the storage I/O bus 210a.a, to reach the proper page and to avoid writing the data packet to similarly addressed pages in the row of storage elements (SSS 0.0-SSS 0.N 216a, 218a, 220a), the bank 214a that includes the solid-state storage element SSS 0.0216a with the correct page where the data packet is to be written is simultaneously selected by the storage control bus 212. 101 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 This group of pages in a bank 214 of solid-state storage elements 216, 218, 220 of 80 kB may be called a virtual page. Similarly, an erase block of each storage element 216a-m of a bank 214a may be grouped to form a virtual erase block. In a preferred embodiment, an erase block of pages within a solid-state storage element 216, 218, 220 is erased when an erase command is received within a solid-state storage element 216, 218, 220. Whereas the size and number of erase blocks, pages, planes, or other logical and physical divisions within a solid-state storage element 216, 218, 220 are expected to change over time with advancements in technology, it is to be expected that many embodiments consistent with new configurations are possible and are consistent with the general description herein. 100 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 In one embodiment, each solid-state storage element 216, 218, 220 is partitioned into erase blocks and each erase block is partitioned into pages. A typical page is 2000 bytes (“2 kB”). In one example, a solid-state storage element (e.g. SSS0.0) includes two registers and can program two pages so that a two-register solid-state storage element 216, 218, 220 has a capacity of 4 kB. A bank 214 of 20 solid-state storage elements 216, 218, 220 would then have an 80 kB capacity of pages accessed with the same address going out the channels of the storage I/O bus 210. 99 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 In a preferred embodiment, the storage I/O bus 210 is comprised of one or more independent I/O buses (“IIOBa-m” comprising 210a.a-m, 210n.a-m) wherein the solid-state storage elements within each row share one of the independent I/O buses accesses each solid-state storage element 216, 218, 220 in parallel so that all banks 214 are accessed simultaneously. For example, one channel of the storage I/O bus 210 may access a first solid-state storage element 216a, 218a, 220a of each bank 214a-n simultaneously. A second channel of the storage I/O bus 210 may access a second solid-state storage element 216b, 218b, 220b of each bank 214a-n simultaneously. Each row of solid-state storage element 216, 218, 220 is accessed simultaneously. In one embodiment, where solid-state storage elements 216, 218, 220 are multi-level (physically stacked), all physical levels of the solid-state storage elements 216, 218, 220 are accessed simultaneously. As used herein, “simultaneously” also includes near simultaneous access where devices are accessed at slightly different intervals to avoid switching noise. Simultaneously is used in this context to be distinguished from a sequential or serial access wherein commands and/or data are sent individually one after the other. 97 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM
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Delete 		2380.2.01 In one embodiment, two dies are stacked vertically with four stacks per group to form eight storage elements (e.g. SSS 0.0-SSS 0.8) 216a-220a, each in a separate bank 214a-n. In another embodiment, 20 storage elements (e.g. SSS 0.0-SSS 20.0) 216 form a virtual bank 214a so that each of the eight virtual banks has 20 storage elements (e.g. SSS0.0-SSS 20.8) 216, 218, 220. Data is sent to the solid-state storage 110 over the storage I/O bus 210 to all storage elements of a particular group of storage elements (SSS 0.0-SSS 0.8) 216a, 218a, 220a. The storage control bus 212a is used to select a particular bank (e.g. Bank-0214a) so that the data received over the storage I/O bus 210 connected to all banks 214 is written just to the selected bank 214a. 96 Added by DJM 3 2021 3/16/21, 12:00 AM

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