“Cutting Feature” refers to a structure, surface, or element configured to remove, separate, or excise material by shearing, slicing, chipping, or severing. A cutting feature may include sharp or sharpened edges, points, blades, serrations, teeth, chisels, spikes, points, tips, or other geometries designed to form chips, segments, or slices of material when engaged with bone or other tissue. Cutting features may be formed integrally with a tool, applied as a coating or insert, or manufactured as replaceable elements. Cutting features may act unidirectionally or bidirectionally, may operate under reciprocating, oscillating, or rotary motion, and may be designed for use with powered or manual instruments. Examples include saw blades, bone rasps, osteoplasty tools, or the like with abrading features, teeth, bone-engagement features, chisel edges, rasp teeth configured for slicing rather than grinding, rotary burs with bladed edges, or the like. … more “Cutting Feature” refers to a structure, surface, or element configured to remove, separate, or excise material by shearing, slicing, chipping, or severing. A cutting feature may include sharp or sharpened edges, points, blades, serrations, teeth, chisels, spikes, points, tips, or other geometries designed to form chips, segments, or slices of material when engaged with bone or other tissue. Cutting features may be formed integrally with a tool, applied as a coating or insert, or manufactured as replaceable elements. Cutting features may act unidirectionally or bidirectionally, may operate under reciprocating, oscillating, or rotary motion, and may be designed for use with powered or manual instruments. Examples include saw blades, bone rasps, osteoplasty tools, or the like with abrading features, teeth, bone-engagement features, chisel edges, rasp teeth configured for slicing rather than grinding, rotary burs with bladed edges, or the like.

"Channel" refers to a structural feature, groove, recess, pathway, opening, or passage formed in and/or between one or more teeth, cutting features and/or other structures of a cutting tool. A channel may be configured, designed, or engineered to facilitate functions including, but not limited to, evacuation or removal of debris, guiding or redirecting chips or debris away from the cutting surface, improving cutting efficiency, reducing frictional forces, enhancing cooling or lubrication, or otherwise optimizing the cutting or abrading performance of the tool. Channels may vary in shape, size, depth, and configuration based on the intended application, the nature of the material being cut, and desired tool performance characteristics. Components or tools featuring teeth that include channels may include, without limitation, wedge osteotomy blades, rasp blades, bone rasps, osteoplasty tools, saw blades, milling cutters, burrs, drills, surgical cutting tools, and similar cutting or abrading instruments. … more "Channel" refers to a structural feature, groove, recess, pathway, opening, or passage formed in and/or between one or more teeth, cutting features and/or other structures of a cutting tool. A channel may be configured, designed, or engineered to facilitate functions including, but not limited to, evacuation or removal of debris, guiding or redirecting chips or debris away from the cutting surface, improving cutting efficiency, reducing frictional forces, enhancing cooling or lubrication, or otherwise optimizing the cutting or abrading performance of the tool. Channels may vary in shape, size, depth, and configuration based on the intended application, the nature of the material being cut, and desired tool performance characteristics. Components or tools featuring teeth that include channels may include, without limitation, wedge osteotomy blades, rasp blades, bone rasps, osteoplasty tools, saw blades, milling cutters, burrs, drills, surgical cutting tools, and similar cutting or abrading instruments.

“Declination Curve” refers to a structural transition that defines a smooth, continuous, stepped, or graded curvature between two connected components of an osteoplasty tool, bone rasp, or other instrument, wherein the curvature directs a working surface downward relative to a longitudinal axis of a body portion. A declination curve may take the form of an arcuate, parabolic, filleted, stepped, or otherwise contoured transition, or the like, and may function to position, support, or align one component relative to another while maintaining structural integrity and facilitating engagement with a target surface. … more “Declination Curve” refers to a structural transition that defines a smooth, continuous, stepped, or graded curvature between two connected components of an osteoplasty tool, bone rasp, or other instrument, wherein the curvature directs a working surface downward relative to a longitudinal axis of a body portion. A declination curve may take the form of an arcuate, parabolic, filleted, stepped, or otherwise contoured transition, or the like, and may function to position, support, or align one component relative to another while maintaining structural integrity and facilitating engagement with a target surface.

“Declination Angle” refers to an angle that directs a structural component, such as a foot, cutting face, cutting teeth, rasp feature, abrading surface, working surface, set of bone-engagement features, or the like, downward relative to a longitudinal axis of an osteoplasty tool, bone rasp, or other instrument. A declination angle may be established by an angle feature and may govern the positioning of the structural component relative to the instrument’s main body to optimize engagement with a target surface. Declination angles may be selected to enhance procedural access, improve shaping or contouring efficiency, improve visibility, or control material removal rates. Examples include the orientation of rasp features for bone resection, cutting teeth configured for angled engagement, or abrading surfaces oriented downward relative to a tool axis, or the like. … more “Declination Angle” refers to an angle that directs a structural component, such as a foot, cutting face, cutting teeth, rasp feature, abrading surface, working surface, set of bone-engagement features, or the like, downward relative to a longitudinal axis of an osteoplasty tool, bone rasp, or other instrument. A declination angle may be established by an angle feature and may govern the positioning of the structural component relative to the instrument’s main body to optimize engagement with a target surface. Declination angles may be selected to enhance procedural access, improve shaping or contouring efficiency, improve visibility, or control material removal rates. Examples include the orientation of rasp features for bone resection, cutting teeth configured for angled engagement, or abrading surfaces oriented downward relative to a tool axis, or the like.

“Inclination Curve” refers to a structural transition that defines a smooth, continuous, stepped, or graded curvature between two connected components of an osteoplasty tool, bone rasp, or other instrument, wherein the curvature directs a working surface upward relative to a longitudinal axis of a body portion. An inclination curve may take the form of an arcuate, parabolic, filleted, or otherwise contoured transition, or the like, and may function to position, support, or align one component relative to another while maintaining structural integrity and facilitating engagement with a target surface. … more “Inclination Curve” refers to a structural transition that defines a smooth, continuous, stepped, or graded curvature between two connected components of an osteoplasty tool, bone rasp, or other instrument, wherein the curvature directs a working surface upward relative to a longitudinal axis of a body portion. An inclination curve may take the form of an arcuate, parabolic, filleted, or otherwise contoured transition, or the like, and may function to position, support, or align one component relative to another while maintaining structural integrity and facilitating engagement with a target surface.

“Inclination Angle” refers to an angle that directs a structural component, such as a foot, cutting face, cutting teeth, rasp feature, abrading surface, working surface, set of bone-engagement features, or the like, upward relative to a longitudinal axis of an osteoplasty tool, bone rasp, or other instrument. An inclination angle may be established by an angle feature and may govern the positioning of the structural component relative to the instrument’s main body to optimize engagement with a target surface. Inclination angles may be selected to enhance procedural access, improve cutting or shaping efficiency, improve visibility, or control material removal rates. Examples include the orientation of rasp features on a rasp blade, a cutting edge on a saw blade, or an abrading surface on a burr, or the like. … more “Inclination Angle” refers to an angle that directs a structural component, such as a foot, cutting face, cutting teeth, rasp feature, abrading surface, working surface, set of bone-engagement features, or the like, upward relative to a longitudinal axis of an osteoplasty tool, bone rasp, or other instrument. An inclination angle may be established by an angle feature and may govern the positioning of the structural component relative to the instrument’s main body to optimize engagement with a target surface. Inclination angles may be selected to enhance procedural access, improve cutting or shaping efficiency, improve visibility, or control material removal rates. Examples include the orientation of rasp features on a rasp blade, a cutting edge on a saw blade, or an abrading surface on a burr, or the like.

“Shank” refers to an elongated portion of a structure that connects a proximal part to a distal part, such as between a body and a working end of a tool. In anatomical usage, “shank” may refer to the portion of a human leg between the knee and the ankle. In structural or instrument usage, a shank may be a narrow, elongated member that provides spacing, connection, alignment, or support between other portions of the structure. Examples include the shank of a surgical rasp blade, the shank of a screw, or the shank portion of a human leg, or the like. … more “Shank” refers to an elongated portion of a structure that connects a proximal part to a distal part, such as between a body and a working end of a tool. In anatomical usage, “shank” may refer to the portion of a human leg between the knee and the ankle. In structural or instrument usage, a shank may be a narrow, elongated member that provides spacing, connection, alignment, or support between other portions of the structure. Examples include the shank of a surgical rasp blade, the shank of a screw, or the shank portion of a human leg, or the like.

“Leg” refers to an appendage of a human that connects a foot to a hip or trunk of the body. A leg may include anatomical regions such as the thigh, knee, shin, calf, and ankle. In addition, “leg” can refer more broadly to a projecting part, support, or portion of another structure, wherein parts of such a structural leg may also be described by reference to corresponding human leg regions (for example, a knee portion, an ankle portion, or the like). A leg may take the form of an elongated or narrow member, or other structure that provides connection, support, or positioning functions. Examples include a human leg, the leg of a table, the leg of a frame, or the like. … more “Leg” refers to an appendage of a human that connects a foot to a hip or trunk of the body. A leg may include anatomical regions such as the thigh, knee, shin, calf, and ankle. In addition, “leg” can refer more broadly to a projecting part, support, or portion of another structure, wherein parts of such a structural leg may also be described by reference to corresponding human leg regions (for example, a knee portion, an ankle portion, or the like). A leg may take the form of an elongated or narrow member, or other structure that provides connection, support, or positioning functions. Examples include a human leg, the leg of a table, the leg of a frame, or the like.

"Angle Feature" refers broadly to a structural component of a cutting instrument and/or abrading instrument that connects and/or positions a cutting face, cutting structure, abrading feature, contouring feature(s), rasp feature(s), or the like relative to the instrument’s main body and/or operational axis. In one embodiment, an angle feature can be configured to orient such features at a non-zero angle relative to a longitudinal axis of an instrument's main body to facilitate effective engagement with a target surface during a procedure (e.g., a surgical procedure), enhancing the instrument’s versatility across a range of applications, including but not limited to surgical, industrial, or material-shaping tasks. This angle feature may take various forms to achieve the desired angular orientation, accommodating diverse designs and implementations while ensuring functional alignment with the instrument’s intended purpose. In some embodiments, an angle feature may be configured to orient cutting, abrading, or contouring structures at a selected angle relative to a longitudinal axis of an instrument’s body. The angle may be positive, negative, acute, obtuse, declination, inclination, or otherwise non-zero relative to the reference axis. By establishing such orientation, the angle feature facilitates controlled engagement with a target surface, optimizing access, visibility, and effectiveness of the instrument during operation. In certain embodiments, the angle feature may serve as a structural transition between a proximal portion of an instrument and a distal portion that carries a working surface, thereby positioning the working surface at a defined angle relative to the body. This configuration may be employed in instruments designed for bone shaping, contouring, resection, or surface refinement, among other applications. The angle feature may take forms such as a curved transition, a linear segment, a stepped configuration, a flexible linkage, or a pivotable junction, each adapted to transmit operational forces while maintaining structural integrity. The angle feature may, for example, comprise a curved transition such as an arcuate bend, a fillet, or a smoothly radiused segment, integrally formed between two portions of the instrument. Alternatively, the angle feature may take the form of a linear segment or angled extension providing a fixed offset. In adjustable configurations, the angle feature may include a pivotable junction or a flexible element, permitting variation of the working angle over a defined range (e.g., from alignment with the longitudinal axis to a selected angular displacement). In other embodiments, the angle feature may incorporate discrete transitions, such as stepped offsets or segmented junctions, which may provide multiple working orientations within a single structure. Dynamic or resilient materials may be used to allow controlled flexure, or mechanical joints may be employed to permit locking at specific angles. The particular angular values—whether small, moderate, or large—may be selected to optimize ergonomic access, procedural efficiency, or engagement with anatomical or material surfaces. An angle feature may be integrally formed with the body and working portion of the instrument, such as through machining, molding, or forging of a unitary material, or it may comprise a separate component affixed by welding, adhesive bonding, or mechanical fastening. The specific design—including its shape, size, and angular displacement—may be selected based on intended use, motion characteristics, material properties, or ergonomic considerations. In all cases, the angle feature ensures that cutting, abrading, rasping, or similar elements are oriented for effective engagement, enhancing the instrument’s versatility across diverse procedures. … more "Angle Feature" refers broadly to a structural component of a cutting instrument and/or abrading instrument that connects and/or positions a cutting face, cutting structure, abrading feature, contouring feature(s), rasp feature(s), or the like relative to the instrument’s main body and/or operational axis. In one embodiment, an angle feature can be configured to orient such features at a non-zero angle relative to a longitudinal axis of an instrument's main body to facilitate effective engagement with a target surface during a procedure (e.g., a surgical procedure), enhancing the instrument’s versatility across a range of applications, including but not limited to surgical, industrial, or material-shaping tasks. This angle feature may take various forms to achieve the desired angular orientation, accommodating diverse designs and implementations while ensuring functional alignment with the instrument’s intended purpose. In some embodiments, an angle feature may be configured to orient cutting, abrading, or contouring structures at a selected angle relative to a longitudinal axis of an instrument’s body. The angle may be positive, negative, acute, obtuse, declination, inclination, or otherwise non-zero relative to the reference axis. By establishing such orientation, the angle feature facilitates controlled engagement with a target surface, optimizing access, visibility, and effectiveness of the instrument during operation. In certain embodiments, the angle feature may serve as a structural transition between a proximal portion of an instrument and a distal portion that carries a working surface, thereby positioning the working surface at a defined angle relative to the body. This configuration may be employed in instruments designed for bone shaping, contouring, resection, or surface refinement, among other applications. The angle feature may take forms such as a curved transition, a linear segment, a stepped configuration, a flexible linkage, or a pivotable junction, each adapted to transmit operational forces while maintaining structural integrity. The angle feature may, for example, comprise a curved transition such as an arcuate bend, a fillet, or a smoothly radiused segment, integrally formed between two portions of the instrument. Alternatively, the angle feature may take the form of a linear segment or angled extension providing a fixed offset. In adjustable configurations, the angle feature may include a pivotable junction or a flexible element, permitting variation of the working angle over a defined range (e.g., from alignment with the longitudinal axis to a selected angular displacement). In other embodiments, the angle feature may incorporate discrete transitions, such as stepped offsets or segmented junctions, which may provide multiple working orientations within a single structure. Dynamic or resilient materials may be used to allow controlled flexure, or mechanical joints may be employed to permit locking at specific angles. The particular angular values—whether small, moderate, or large—may be selected to optimize ergonomic access, procedural efficiency, or engagement with anatomical or material surfaces. An angle feature may be integrally formed with the body and working portion of the instrument, such as through machining, molding, or forging of a unitary material, or it may comprise a separate component affixed by welding, adhesive bonding, or mechanical fastening. The specific design—including its shape, size, and angular displacement—may be selected based on intended use, motion characteristics, material properties, or ergonomic considerations. In all cases, the angle feature ensures that cutting, abrading, rasping, or similar elements are oriented for effective engagement, enhancing the instrument’s versatility across diverse procedures.

"Angle feature" refers broadly to a structural component of a cutting instrument and/or abrading instrument that connects and/or positions a cutting face, cutting structure, abrading feature, contouring feature(s), rasp feature(s), or the like relative to the instrument’s main body and/or operational axis. In one embodiment, an angle feature can be configured to orient such features at a non-zero angle relative to a longitudinal axis of an instrument's main body to facilitate effective engagement with a target surface during a procedure (e.g., a surgical procedure), enhancing the instrument’s versatility across a range of applications, including but not limited to surgical, industrial, or material-shaping tasks. This angle feature may take various forms to achieve the desired angular orientation, accommodating diverse designs and implementations while ensuring functional alignment with the instrument’s intended purpose. In certain embodiments, such as with a rasp blade configured for shaping a bone surface, the angle feature can refer to a structural component that connects a body to a foot and can establish an acute angle between a planar inferior side of the foot and a longitudinal axis of the body. The angle feature can be configured to position the foot relative to the body such that the rasp features on the planar inferior side can effectively engage and shape a bone surface during operation, such as when coupled to a powered oscillation handpiece via an oscillation mount. This angle feature may be implemented in various forms to achieve the desired angular orientation, including, but not limited to, a curved transition, a linear segment, a stepped configuration, a flexible linkage, and/or a pivotable junction, each adapted to transmit oscillatory motion from the body to the foot while maintaining structural integrity. In some embodiments, the angle feature may comprise a curved transition, such as an arcuate bend or fillet, integrally formed between the body and the foot, providing a smooth shift in orientation with a radius of curvature that may range, for example, from approximately 2 mm to 10 mm, depending on the intended application. Alternatively or in addition, the angle feature may be embodied as a linear segment, such as an angled arm or extension, connecting the body to the foot at a fixed acute angle. The acute angle provided by the angle feature may vary, for instance, from about 30 degrees to about 60 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis, to optimize access to target surfaces. In other embodiments, the angle feature may include a stepped configuration, characterized by one or more discrete angular shifts or terraces between the body and the foot, such a configuration may enhance stability and/or provide multiple working angles within a single structure. Additionally, the angle feature may be implemented as a flexible linkage, such as a resilient material or segmented joint, allowing dynamic flexure during use, or as a pivotable junction, such as a hinge or ball-and-socket mechanism with a pivot lock mechanism, permitting adjustable angular positioning of the foot relative to the body, with an angular range that may span, for example, from 0 degrees (aligned with the longitudinal axis) to 89 degrees. The angle feature may be integrally formed with the body and/or foot, such as through machining, molding, or forging of a unitary material (e.g., stainless steel, titanium), or it may comprise a separate component affixed thereto, such as by welding, adhesive bonding, and/or mechanical fastening. The specific design of the angle feature, including its shape, size, and angle, may be selected based on factors such as the type of surface to be engaged, the motion characteristics of the cutting instrument, and/or ergonomic considerations for the user. Regardless of its form, the angle feature ensures that the cutting face, abrading feature, rasp feature(s), or similar elements are oriented to cut, abrade, grind, shape, or refine surfaces effectively, enhancing the instrument’s utility across diverse procedures. … more "Angle feature" refers broadly to a structural component of a cutting instrument and/or abrading instrument that connects and/or positions a cutting face, cutting structure, abrading feature, contouring feature(s), rasp feature(s), or the like relative to the instrument’s main body and/or operational axis. In one embodiment, an angle feature can be configured to orient such features at a non-zero angle relative to a longitudinal axis of an instrument's main body to facilitate effective engagement with a target surface during a procedure (e.g., a surgical procedure), enhancing the instrument’s versatility across a range of applications, including but not limited to surgical, industrial, or material-shaping tasks. This angle feature may take various forms to achieve the desired angular orientation, accommodating diverse designs and implementations while ensuring functional alignment with the instrument’s intended purpose. In certain embodiments, such as with a rasp blade configured for shaping a bone surface, the angle feature can refer to a structural component that connects a body to a foot and can establish an acute angle between a planar inferior side of the foot and a longitudinal axis of the body. The angle feature can be configured to position the foot relative to the body such that the rasp features on the planar inferior side can effectively engage and shape a bone surface during operation, such as when coupled to a powered oscillation handpiece via an oscillation mount. This angle feature may be implemented in various forms to achieve the desired angular orientation, including, but not limited to, a curved transition, a linear segment, a stepped configuration, a flexible linkage, and/or a pivotable junction, each adapted to transmit oscillatory motion from the body to the foot while maintaining structural integrity. In some embodiments, the angle feature may comprise a curved transition, such as an arcuate bend or fillet, integrally formed between the body and the foot, providing a smooth shift in orientation with a radius of curvature that may range, for example, from approximately 2 mm to 10 mm, depending on the intended application. Alternatively or in addition, the angle feature may be embodied as a linear segment, such as an angled arm or extension, connecting the body to the foot at a fixed acute angle. The acute angle provided by the angle feature may vary, for instance, from about 30 degrees to about 60 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis, to optimize access to target surfaces. In other embodiments, the angle feature may include a stepped configuration, characterized by one or more discrete angular shifts or terraces between the body and the foot, such a configuration may enhance stability and/or provide multiple working angles within a single structure. Additionally, the angle feature may be implemented as a flexible linkage, such as a resilient material or segmented joint, allowing dynamic flexure during use, or as a pivotable junction, such as a hinge or ball-and-socket mechanism with a pivot lock mechanism, permitting adjustable angular positioning of the foot relative to the body, with an angular range that may span, for example, from 0 degrees (aligned with the longitudinal axis) to 89 degrees. The angle feature may be integrally formed with the body and/or foot, such as through machining, molding, or forging of a unitary material (e.g., stainless steel, titanium), or it may comprise a separate component affixed thereto, such as by welding, adhesive bonding, and/or mechanical fastening. The specific design of the angle feature, including its shape, size, and angle, may be selected based on factors such as the type of surface to be engaged, the motion characteristics of the cutting instrument, and/or ergonomic considerations for the user. Regardless of its form, the angle feature ensures that the cutting face, abrading feature, rasp feature(s), or similar elements are oriented to cut, abrade, grind, shape, or refine surfaces effectively, enhancing the instrument’s utility across diverse procedures.

“Bone Rasp” refers to an osteoplasty tool configured to remove, contour, or reshape bone tissue through the use of abrading features, cutting features, chipping features, or combinations thereof. A bone rasp may include a surface patterned with teeth, ridges, projections, abrasive grit, edges, or perforations arranged to engage bone during manual or powered motion. Bone rasps may be elongated or plate-like members and may be used with back-and-forth strokes, reciprocating drives, oscillating drives, or rotary drives. In certain embodiments, a bone rasp may include one or more rasping or cutting surfaces, ergonomic handles, attachment interfaces for surgical handpieces, or integrated guides for controlling engagement. Examples of bone rasps include hand-held rasps with teeth or abrasive coatings, reciprocating rasp blades with chip-forming edges, rotary rasps with abrasive or bladed surfaces, rasp inserts with serrations, or the like. … more “Bone Rasp” refers to an osteoplasty tool configured to remove, contour, or reshape bone tissue through the use of abrading features, cutting features, chipping features, or combinations thereof. A bone rasp may include a surface patterned with teeth, ridges, projections, abrasive grit, edges, or perforations arranged to engage bone during manual or powered motion. Bone rasps may be elongated or plate-like members and may be used with back-and-forth strokes, reciprocating drives, oscillating drives, or rotary drives. In certain embodiments, a bone rasp may include one or more rasping or cutting surfaces, ergonomic handles, attachment interfaces for surgical handpieces, or integrated guides for controlling engagement. Examples of bone rasps include hand-held rasps with teeth or abrasive coatings, reciprocating rasp blades with chip-forming edges, rotary rasps with abrasive or bladed surfaces, rasp inserts with serrations, or the like.

“Bone-engagement feature” refers to a structure, surface, or element configured to remove, reshape, or modify bone. A bone-engagement feature may include a cutting feature, such as a blade, edge, tooth, chisel, or saw tooth configured to excise bone by shearing, slicing, or chip formation; or an abrading feature, such as a rasp surface, file surface, grinding surface, grit, burr, or textured region configured to remove bone by wear, particulate erosion, or surface removal. In certain embodiments, a bone-engagement feature may combine cutting and abrading functions, such as serrations, ridges, or coated surfaces that perform both actions, or the like. … more “Bone-engagement feature” refers to a structure, surface, or element configured to remove, reshape, or modify bone. A bone-engagement feature may include a cutting feature, such as a blade, edge, tooth, chisel, or saw tooth configured to excise bone by shearing, slicing, or chip formation; or an abrading feature, such as a rasp surface, file surface, grinding surface, grit, burr, or textured region configured to remove bone by wear, particulate erosion, or surface removal. In certain embodiments, a bone-engagement feature may combine cutting and abrading functions, such as serrations, ridges, or coated surfaces that perform both actions, or the like.

“Osteoplasty” refers to a surgical process involving the modification, shaping, contouring, resection, resurfacing, smoothing, removal, or augmentation of bone tissue. Osteoplasty may be performed to correct deformities, restore function, improve biomechanics, relieve pain, or prepare bone for fixation, implantation, or reconstruction. The process may include removal of bone eminences, leveling of joint surfaces, reshaping of cortical or cancellous regions, contouring of articular margins, or other procedures directed at modifying bone geometry. Osteoplasty may be performed manually, mechanically, or with powered instruments, and may employ cutting, abrading, drilling, rasping, sawing, or similar techniques, depending on the surgical objective. … more “Osteoplasty” refers to a surgical process involving the modification, shaping, contouring, resection, resurfacing, smoothing, removal, or augmentation of bone tissue. Osteoplasty may be performed to correct deformities, restore function, improve biomechanics, relieve pain, or prepare bone for fixation, implantation, or reconstruction. The process may include removal of bone eminences, leveling of joint surfaces, reshaping of cortical or cancellous regions, contouring of articular margins, or other procedures directed at modifying bone geometry. Osteoplasty may be performed manually, mechanically, or with powered instruments, and may employ cutting, abrading, drilling, rasping, sawing, or similar techniques, depending on the surgical objective.

“Osteoplasty Tool” refers to an instrument, device, or apparatus configured for performing osteoplasty, including shaping, contouring, resection, resurfacing, smoothing, removal, or augmentation of bone tissue. An osteoplasty tool may include manual instruments such as rasps, chisels, or files; powered instruments such as saws, burrs, or reciprocating or oscillating handpieces; or hybrid devices combining manual and powered elements. The tool may incorporate features for coupling to surgical handpieces, transmitting motion, limiting stroke or depth, or controlling engagement with bone. In certain embodiments, an osteoplasty tool may include cutting edges, abrading surfaces, guide structures, ergonomic handles, or integrated cooling or irrigation systems to enhance surgical performance. Examples of osteoplasty tools include rasps for recontouring a bone eminence, saw blades for resection, burrs for shaping or smoothing, or the like. … more “Osteoplasty Tool” refers to an instrument, device, or apparatus configured for performing osteoplasty, including shaping, contouring, resection, resurfacing, smoothing, removal, or augmentation of bone tissue. An osteoplasty tool may include manual instruments such as rasps, chisels, or files; powered instruments such as saws, burrs, or reciprocating or oscillating handpieces; or hybrid devices combining manual and powered elements. The tool may incorporate features for coupling to surgical handpieces, transmitting motion, limiting stroke or depth, or controlling engagement with bone. In certain embodiments, an osteoplasty tool may include cutting edges, abrading surfaces, guide structures, ergonomic handles, or integrated cooling or irrigation systems to enhance surgical performance. Examples of osteoplasty tools include rasps for recontouring a bone eminence, saw blades for resection, burrs for shaping or smoothing, or the like.

“Powered Reciprocating Handpiece” refers to a motor-driven surgical instrument designed to generate repeated linear or back-and-forth displacement along a reciprocation axis for use in osteotomies and other precision cutting, shaping, or material removal procedures. The handpiece transmits reciprocating motion to an attached tool—such as a osteoplasty tool, bone rasp, rasp blade, saw blade, burr, or other cutting instrument—allowing for controlled engagement with bone or other surgical targets. A powered reciprocating handpiece may incorporate electromechanical, pneumatic, or other drive mechanisms to provide variable-speed reciprocation, enabling precise control over depth, stroke length, speed, and force of material removal. The device is designed for compatibility with various surgical tool attachments, including those used for bone shaping, contouring, resection, osteoplasty, or controlled excision. In certain embodiments, the powered reciprocating handpiece may include ergonomic handling features, vibration-dampening structures, stroke-limiting mechanisms, or integrated cooling systems to enhance surgical precision and reduce procedural fatigue. … more “Powered Reciprocating Handpiece” refers to a motor-driven surgical instrument designed to generate repeated linear or back-and-forth displacement along a reciprocation axis for use in osteotomies and other precision cutting, shaping, or material removal procedures. The handpiece transmits reciprocating motion to an attached tool—such as a osteoplasty tool, bone rasp, rasp blade, saw blade, burr, or other cutting instrument—allowing for controlled engagement with bone or other surgical targets. A powered reciprocating handpiece may incorporate electromechanical, pneumatic, or other drive mechanisms to provide variable-speed reciprocation, enabling precise control over depth, stroke length, speed, and force of material removal. The device is designed for compatibility with various surgical tool attachments, including those used for bone shaping, contouring, resection, osteoplasty, or controlled excision. In certain embodiments, the powered reciprocating handpiece may include ergonomic handling features, vibration-dampening structures, stroke-limiting mechanisms, or integrated cooling systems to enhance surgical precision and reduce procedural fatigue.

“Eminence” or “Bone Eminence” refers to a raised, projecting, or protuberant portion of a bone surface that may provide structural contour, serve as a point of attachment for tendons, ligaments, or joint capsules, act as a surgical landmark, or otherwise function as a notable feature. Examples include Ridges, Tubercles, Tuberosities, Spines, Condyles, Processes, or similar elevations, such as the Medial Cuneiform Eminence, the Tibial Tuberosity, the Greater Trochanter, the Occipital Protuberance, or the like. A bone eminence may occur naturally as part of skeletal anatomy or may be created, formed, reshaped, or augmented as part of a surgical procedure. For example, a minimally invasive surgery (MIS) bunion correction procedure may create an eminence, that may be referred to as a medial bone spike. … more “Eminence” or “Bone Eminence” refers to a raised, projecting, or protuberant portion of a bone surface that may provide structural contour, serve as a point of attachment for tendons, ligaments, or joint capsules, act as a surgical landmark, or otherwise function as a notable feature. Examples include Ridges, Tubercles, Tuberosities, Spines, Condyles, Processes, or similar elevations, such as the Medial Cuneiform Eminence, the Tibial Tuberosity, the Greater Trochanter, the Occipital Protuberance, or the like. A bone eminence may occur naturally as part of skeletal anatomy or may be created, formed, reshaped, or augmented as part of a surgical procedure. For example, a minimally invasive surgery (MIS) bunion correction procedure may create an eminence, that may be referred to as a medial bone spike.

"Abrading feature," as used herein, refers to a feature and/or a structural component of an instrument, such as an abrader, abrading blade, burr, file, rasp, rasp blade, or similar tool, configured to remove, smooth, shape, contour, or refine surfaces through abrasion or cutting during a procedure. The abrading feature enhances the instrument’s functionality by enabling controlled material removal and/or surface modification, which may be used to complement cutting and/or shaping operations. In some embodiments, the abrading feature comprises a plurality of raised elements, cutting features, spikes, abrasive edges, edges, teeth, ridges, and/or particulate-coated regions disposed along at least a portion of an instrument’s working surface, such as a planar surface, an edge, a distal end, a distal surface, a side, a planar side, and/or a lateral face thereof. These elements may be arranged in a linear, arcuate, radial, grid-like, regular, or irregular patterns and are dimensioned to incrementally remove material through frictional engagement. In one embodiment, the abrading feature may smooth or contour a surface rather than incising it, enabling controlled reshaping without excessive material loss. For example, the abrading feature may include raised abrasive elements with a height ranging from approximately 0.1 mm to 2 mm and a spacing of approximately 0.5 mm to 5 mm, though other dimensions are contemplated based on the intended application. Alternatively, the abrading feature may be embodied as a textured or grit-coated surface, including a roughened, etched, micro-patterned, or abrasive-coated area applied to the instrument’s working surface to enhance material removal efficiency. Such a textured surface may be achieved through chemical etching, laser structuring, abrasive blasting, or the application of bonded abrasive materials, yielding a uniform or patterned roughness with a surface roughness average (Ra) ranging from approximately 0.5 µm to 50 µm, depending on the desired level of abrasiveness. The abrading feature, whether formed as raised elements, cutting features, ridges, abrasive teeth, particulate coatings, or a textured surface, may be integrally formed with the instrument body through machining, molding, laser structuring, or deposition processes or may be a separately applied or affixed element, such as an abrasive-coated layer, bonded grit structure, or modular insert. This flexibility in construction allows the abrading feature to be adapted to various manufacturing processes, material compositions, and instrument designs, supporting a range of applications where controlled abrasion, contouring, and surface refinement are required. … more "Abrading feature," as used herein, refers to a feature and/or a structural component of an instrument, such as an abrader, abrading blade, burr, file, rasp, rasp blade, or similar tool, configured to remove, smooth, shape, contour, or refine surfaces through abrasion or cutting during a procedure. The abrading feature enhances the instrument’s functionality by enabling controlled material removal and/or surface modification, which may be used to complement cutting and/or shaping operations. In some embodiments, the abrading feature comprises a plurality of raised elements, cutting features, spikes, abrasive edges, edges, teeth, ridges, and/or particulate-coated regions disposed along at least a portion of an instrument’s working surface, such as a planar surface, an edge, a distal end, a distal surface, a side, a planar side, and/or a lateral face thereof. These elements may be arranged in a linear, arcuate, radial, grid-like, regular, or irregular patterns and are dimensioned to incrementally remove material through frictional engagement. In one embodiment, the abrading feature may smooth or contour a surface rather than incising it, enabling controlled reshaping without excessive material loss. For example, the abrading feature may include raised abrasive elements with a height ranging from approximately 0.1 mm to 2 mm and a spacing of approximately 0.5 mm to 5 mm, though other dimensions are contemplated based on the intended application. Alternatively, the abrading feature may be embodied as a textured or grit-coated surface, including a roughened, etched, micro-patterned, or abrasive-coated area applied to the instrument’s working surface to enhance material removal efficiency. Such a textured surface may be achieved through chemical etching, laser structuring, abrasive blasting, or the application of bonded abrasive materials, yielding a uniform or patterned roughness with a surface roughness average (Ra) ranging from approximately 0.5 µm to 50 µm, depending on the desired level of abrasiveness. The abrading feature, whether formed as raised elements, cutting features, ridges, abrasive teeth, particulate coatings, or a textured surface, may be integrally formed with the instrument body through machining, molding, laser structuring, or deposition processes or may be a separately applied or affixed element, such as an abrasive-coated layer, bonded grit structure, or modular insert. This flexibility in construction allows the abrading feature to be adapted to various manufacturing processes, material compositions, and instrument designs, supporting a range of applications where controlled abrasion, contouring, and surface refinement are required.

“Bend” refers to an angled or curved structure, or a part or a portion of a structure, that changes an orientation of the structure. The structure that includes the bend can be a pipe, a tube, a cable, a hose, a sheet, a path, an opening, a portal, a building, a road, or the like. Typically, a bend changes an orientation of the structure at an angle between 0 and 180 degrees or between 180 degrees and 360 degrees along a longitudinal axis of the structure. The structure can include a single bend or a plurality of bends. … more “Bend” refers to an angled or curved structure, or a part or a portion of a structure, that changes an orientation of the structure. The structure that includes the bend can be a pipe, a tube, a cable, a hose, a sheet, a path, an opening, a portal, a building, a road, or the like. Typically, a bend changes an orientation of the structure at an angle between 0 and 180 degrees or between 180 degrees and 360 degrees along a longitudinal axis of the structure. The structure can include a single bend or a plurality of bends.

"Segmentation" or "Image segmentation" refers to the process of partitioning 2D images, 3D volumes, or temporal image sequences into meaningful regions, classes, or instances. These segments may correspond to different tissue classes, organs, pathologies, bones, landmarks, background, or other biologically relevant structures. Medical image segmentation addresses challenges such as low contrast, noise, artifacts, occlusion, and acquisition variability. Non-limiting examples include registration/atlas-based methods, shape/appearance models, level-set/active-contour methods, graph-cut/energy-minimization methods, and neural-network models such as convolutional or transformer-based encoder–decoders (e.g., U-Net) and hybrids. Segmentation may be implemented using classical computer-vision, rules-based, statistical, or machine-learning/deep-learning techniques, alone or in combination, and may operate at native or resampled resolution. Outputs may include pixel-wise representations (e.g., binary masks, label maps, probability maps, heatmaps), instance masks, and/or contours, which may be used to derive anatomic data, constructed references, measurements, and annotated images. … more "Segmentation" or "Image segmentation" refers to the process of partitioning 2D images, 3D volumes, or temporal image sequences into meaningful regions, classes, or instances. These segments may correspond to different tissue classes, organs, pathologies, bones, landmarks, background, or other biologically relevant structures. Medical image segmentation addresses challenges such as low contrast, noise, artifacts, occlusion, and acquisition variability. Non-limiting examples include registration/atlas-based methods, shape/appearance models, level-set/active-contour methods, graph-cut/energy-minimization methods, and neural-network models such as convolutional or transformer-based encoder–decoders (e.g., U-Net) and hybrids. Segmentation may be implemented using classical computer-vision, rules-based, statistical, or machine-learning/deep-learning techniques, alone or in combination, and may operate at native or resampled resolution. Outputs may include pixel-wise representations (e.g., binary masks, label maps, probability maps, heatmaps), instance masks, and/or contours, which may be used to derive anatomic data, constructed references, measurements, and annotated images.

“Artificial Intelligence (AI) Model” refers to a parameterized computational representation configured, when trained, to map input data to output by learning from data and/or rules. An AI model may perform prediction, classification, segmentation, detection, generation, decision-making, or the like. Examples include, without limitation, neural networks (e.g., convolutional, recurrent, transformer, encoder–decoder including U-Net), generative models (e.g., GAN, VAE, diffusion), probabilistic or margin-based models, and tree/ensemble methods. An AI model may be trained using supervised, semi-supervised, self-supervised, unsupervised, or reinforcement learning and may be deployed alone or as a component of an AI system. … more “Artificial Intelligence (AI) Model” refers to a parameterized computational representation configured, when trained, to map input data to output by learning from data and/or rules. An AI model may perform prediction, classification, segmentation, detection, generation, decision-making, or the like. Examples include, without limitation, neural networks (e.g., convolutional, recurrent, transformer, encoder–decoder including U-Net), generative models (e.g., GAN, VAE, diffusion), probabilistic or margin-based models, and tree/ensemble methods. An AI model may be trained using supervised, semi-supervised, self-supervised, unsupervised, or reinforcement learning and may be deployed alone or as a component of an AI system.