Dave's PCF WIP: Paragraphs

Paragraphs

Actions	Application	Content	Paragraph Number	Notes	Modified
		Content		Paragraph Number	Notes	Any Field
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	Between the MWCNT lining the inner (and/or outer) surface of the cage would be a layer of Graphene, which could be modified with material (e.g., HA). This would allow storage of a charge which would later be conducted through the MWCNTs and increase surface area for cellular migration and attachment.	54	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	This could be constructed in a multitude of ways (see drawings)	55	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	In addition, free fibers, such as carbon fibers, could be used to pack the cage. These could be pre-charged or would store charge generated by the MWCNTs.	56	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	Schematic Drawings	57	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	Additional Uses	58	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	Woven fibers in different arrangements in elastic dressings and bandages. When the body of a patient moves there would be tension and relaxation in multiple vectors which could be captured by the fibers to generate electrical charge, which can lead to improved wound healing. Certain versions may use graphene help store charge and/or the charge can be displaced directly to the skin, with the graphene serving as a local capacitor.	59	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	The MWCNT/graphene combination described above could also be applied to a wide variety of non-spine orthopedic implants, including plates and prosthetic stems/surface interfaces. Other arenas for use include dental implants, and oral/maxillofacial implants.	60	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	Email from Todd Shank	61	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	I hope everyone is doing well and I want to thank you guys for your interest in this concept. … This opens the technology that has potentially vast applications. …It appears that there are several ways to generate (fabricate) CNT, but vaporization process is common. This process uses a metal ion (usually copper) and seems to be the most productive and economic process.	62	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	I reviewed the titanium nanotube paper and found this to be very interesting. …The process of making the TNT (titanium nanotubes) is a chemical heat processing …After the TNT is built it is then exposed to electrical charge to build charge density on the fibers. Either way the fibers worked better in-line, but it revolves around their ability to act as capacitors. …They have been comparing the ability of TNT to hold up to 4X more charge than currently investigated ceramics (e.g., HA). The paper demonstrated significantly enhanced bone growth and differentiation over the charged TNT than noncharged TNT. The induced charge was 37.15+/- 14 mC/cm2. The calculated storage charge was 0.97 mF/cm2 (close to reported literature for supercapacitor-based applications). So TNT stores charge better than ceramics. The higher specific surface area of the TNT that aids in higher contact area as well as ordered array of the TNT which may reduce the disturbance from inter particle connections. This provides direct contact for electron transfer. …It was also interesting that they demonstrated no toxicity due to TNT.	63	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	The attached paper on CNT …[indicates]… that they generated 48 mC/m2. …The ability of graphene not only to hold charge being very large [and] it can also be tailored with other materials which could allow more charge density (ceramics like HA and / or growth molecules). …	64	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	I have included the patent that Amendia / Vivex filed that looked at a process called Mimetic etching. Here they demonstrated bone growth into the treated cage without the use of allo or autograft (empty cage) in a sheep model. The process was laser etching of the cage to generate a micro architecture which was felt to mimic cancellous bone. …This initiated out of a project with NASA laser project. This process was very expensive and time consuming. The interesting fact is they treated a block of quartz with this process and used the block to run electric devices in space (i.e. a battery)….[It seems that Mimetic etching] is possible and potentially an economical way to develop a surface technology. The other thing to remember is that it does not appear that carbon products act under electromagnetic fields like metallic materials do (heat, field distortion, etc.).	65	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	Combination of Single-walled Nanotube and Multi-walled Nanotube may be located on, or integrated with, one or more exterior and/or interior surfaces of an implant.	18	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	The implant can also include a graphene sheet to convey or store the charge and stimulate bone in-growth within the implant.	3	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	The implant may incorporate a bioactive coating and/or have the hollow nanotubes contain a bioresorbable material to improve bone growth and/or create an optimal healing environment.	4	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	Embodiments	5	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	The following describes potential embodiments of the concept that may be utilized independently or in combination.	6	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	Substrate (Including but not limited to an implant including a cage, spacer, plate, rod, screw, and/or any implant that may be under load or strain)	7	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	An implant consisting of a substrate material; examples include, but are not limited to: plastic, ceramics, metal, acrylic, carbon, and biodegradable materials (such as: stainless steel, titanium, titanium composite/alloy, cobalt chrome, tantalum, silicon nitride, polyetheretherketone, poly(ε-caprolactone), polyurethane, allograft, PLDLA, and the like).	8	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM
View Edit Delete	INS-4PROV	The substrate may be combined with a variety of bioactive elements; examples include, but are not limited to, hydroxyapatite (HA), calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, glass ceramics, carbon fiber and the like.	9	Added by DJM 7 2021	7/2/21, 12:00 AM

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