"Position" refers to a place or location. (Search "position" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2022. Web. Modified. Accessed 9 Aug. 2022.) Often, a position refers to a place or location of a first object in relation to a place or location of another object. One object can be positioned on, in, or relative to a second object. In addition, a position can refer to a place or location of a first object in relation to a place or location of another object in a virtual environment. For example, a model of one object can be positioned relative to a model of another object in a virtual environment such as a modeling software program. … more "Position" refers to a place or location. (Search "position" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2022. Web. Modified. Accessed 9 Aug. 2022.) Often, a position refers to a place or location of a first object in relation to a place or location of another object. One object can be positioned on, in, or relative to a second object. In addition, a position can refer to a place or location of a first object in relation to a place or location of another object in a virtual environment. For example, a model of one object can be positioned relative to a model of another object in a virtual environment such as a modeling software program.

"Trajectory port" refers to any structure, apparatus, surface, device, system, feature, or aspect configured to indicate, identify, guide, place, position, or otherwise assist in marking or deploying a fastener, an anchor, a tunnel, an opening, or other structure along a desired trajectory for one or more subsequent steps in a procedure. In certain embodiments, a trajectory port includes a body or base and an opening or port. The base/body supports the opening and the opening extends through the base/body from one side to the opposite side and has a predetermined angle of incidence with a hard tissue or a soft tissue of a patient. … more "Trajectory port" refers to any structure, apparatus, surface, device, system, feature, or aspect configured to indicate, identify, guide, place, position, or otherwise assist in marking or deploying a fastener, an anchor, a tunnel, an opening, or other structure along a desired trajectory for one or more subsequent steps in a procedure. In certain embodiments, a trajectory port includes a body or base and an opening or port. The base/body supports the opening and the opening extends through the base/body from one side to the opposite side and has a predetermined angle of incidence with a hard tissue or a soft tissue of a patient.

As used herein, “tunnel” refers to a duct, an opening, a void, a passage, or other channel in a body or structure of an apparatus, instrument, structure, part, bone, member, device, component, system, or assembly. In certain embodiments, a tunnel is narrower and longer than the tunnel is wide. A tunnel can have a variety of shapes and/or cross-sections and may be straight or include curves or bends. In certain embodiments, a tunnel may have a circular cross section. In certain embodiments, a tunnel may extend partially into, or wholly through a body or structure. Where a tunnel extends partially into a body or structure, the tunnel may also be referred to as an opening, a cave, or the like. … more As used herein, “tunnel” refers to a duct, an opening, a void, a passage, or other channel in a body or structure of an apparatus, instrument, structure, part, bone, member, device, component, system, or assembly. In certain embodiments, a tunnel is narrower and longer than the tunnel is wide. A tunnel can have a variety of shapes and/or cross-sections and may be straight or include curves or bends. In certain embodiments, a tunnel may have a circular cross section. In certain embodiments, a tunnel may extend partially into, or wholly through a body or structure. Where a tunnel extends partially into a body or structure, the tunnel may also be referred to as an opening, a cave, or the like.

"Bone engagement surface" refers to a surface or other feature of an object, instrument, or apparatus, such as an implant that is oriented toward, faces, or contacts one or more bones of a patient. In one aspect, the bone engagement surface may abut, touch, or contact a surface of a bone. In another aspect, the bone engagement surface, or parts of the bone engagement surface, may be close to, but not abut, touch, or contact a surface of the bone. In certain aspects, the bone engagement surface can be configured to engage with a surface of one or more bones. Such a bone engagement surface may include projections and recesses that correspond to and match projections, bony topography (e.g., bone spurs and calcifications), anatomical features, and/or recesses of the one or more bone surfaces. As used herein, matching projections and recesses means that a projection on one structure is of the substantially same size and shape as a corresponding recess of the other structure such that when the two structures are brought into contact or close proximity each projection of one structure seats/sits/fits within the recess of the other structure. A bone engagement surface may include flat parts of a side or surface, contoured parts of a side or surface, projections and/or recesses of a side or surface, or any combination of these. Such variations in the make-up and configuration of a bone engagement surface can exist within a single embodiment or separate embodiments. Said another way, a bone engagement surface is a surface that is the mirror inverse of a surface of the bone that the bone engagement surface abuts, touches, and/or contacts. … more "Bone engagement surface" refers to a surface or other feature of an object, instrument, or apparatus, such as an implant that is oriented toward, faces, or contacts one or more bones of a patient. In one aspect, the bone engagement surface may abut, touch, or contact a surface of a bone. In another aspect, the bone engagement surface, or parts of the bone engagement surface, may be close to, but not abut, touch, or contact a surface of the bone. In certain aspects, the bone engagement surface can be configured to engage with a surface of one or more bones. Such a bone engagement surface may include projections and recesses that correspond to and match projections, bony topography (e.g., bone spurs and calcifications), anatomical features, and/or recesses of the one or more bone surfaces. As used herein, matching projections and recesses means that a projection on one structure is of the substantially same size and shape as a corresponding recess of the other structure such that when the two structures are brought into contact or close proximity each projection of one structure seats/sits/fits within the recess of the other structure. A bone engagement surface may include flat parts of a side or surface, contoured parts of a side or surface, projections and/or recesses of a side or surface, or any combination of these. Such variations in the make-up and configuration of a bone engagement surface can exist within a single embodiment or separate embodiments. Said another way, a bone engagement surface is a surface that is the mirror inverse of a surface of the bone that the bone engagement surface abuts, touches, and/or contacts.

"Turn" refers to a bend or curve or change in trajectory and/or direction of a road, path, river, slot, channel, or the like. (Search "turn" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2023. Web. Accessed 16 Aug. 2023. Modified.) … more "Turn" refers to a bend or curve or change in trajectory and/or direction of a road, path, river, slot, channel, or the like. (Search "turn" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2023. Web. Accessed 16 Aug. 2023. Modified.)

"Shelf" refers to a narrow horizontal surface or structure projecting from a side, surface, structure, wall, cliff, or other surface of a structure. (Search "shelf" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2023. Web. Accessed 16 Aug. 2023. Modified.) … more "Shelf" refers to a narrow horizontal surface or structure projecting from a side, surface, structure, wall, cliff, or other surface of a structure. (Search "shelf" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2023. Web. Accessed 16 Aug. 2023. Modified.)

"Section" refers to a separate part, portion, or area of a structure, object, device, apparatus, or container. (Search "section" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2023. Web. Accessed 16 Aug. 2023. Modified.) … more "Section" refers to a separate part, portion, or area of a structure, object, device, apparatus, or container. (Search "section" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2023. Web. Accessed 16 Aug. 2023. Modified.)

"Register" or "Registration" refers to an act of aligning, mating, contacting, engaging, or coupling one or more parts and/or surfaces of one object in relation to one or more parts and/or surfaces of another object. Registering and/or registration can include two parts or surfaces of different object abutting each other and/or coming into close proximity to each other. Often, the one or more parts and/or surfaces of one object include protrusions and/or depressions that are the inverse or mirror configuration of protrusions and/or depressions of one or more parts and/or surfaces of the other object. … more "Register" or "Registration" refers to an act of aligning, mating, contacting, engaging, or coupling one or more parts and/or surfaces of one object in relation to one or more parts and/or surfaces of another object. Registering and/or registration can include two parts or surfaces of different object abutting each other and/or coming into close proximity to each other. Often, the one or more parts and/or surfaces of one object include protrusions and/or depressions that are the inverse or mirror configuration of protrusions and/or depressions of one or more parts and/or surfaces of the other object.

"Mechanical axis" refers to an axis of a long bone such as a femur or tibia. The mechanical axis of a long bone is a straight line connecting the joint center points of the proximal and distal joint regions, whether in the frontal or sagittal plane. A mechanical axis can be useful in defining how the mechanical (weight, gait, flexion, extension, etc) forces impact the morphology of the bone structure. A mechanical axis and anatomical axis can both help in the surgical planning in relation to deformed bones. (Search "axes of the long bones" on appropedia.com; Amit Dinanath Maurya, OpenSurgiSim (2021–2023). "Axes of the long bones - Mechanical and Anatomical". SELF. Modified. Accessed June 28, 2023.) … more "Mechanical axis" refers to an axis of a long bone such as a femur or tibia. The mechanical axis of a long bone is a straight line connecting the joint center points of the proximal and distal joint regions, whether in the frontal or sagittal plane. A mechanical axis can be useful in defining how the mechanical (weight, gait, flexion, extension, etc) forces impact the morphology of the bone structure. A mechanical axis and anatomical axis can both help in the surgical planning in relation to deformed bones. (Search "axes of the long bones" on appropedia.com; Amit Dinanath Maurya, OpenSurgiSim (2021–2023). "Axes of the long bones - Mechanical and Anatomical". SELF. Modified. Accessed June 28, 2023.)

"Fusion” refers to a natural process of bone growth and generation in which two separate bones and/or bone fragments grow together as new bone grows when the two separate bones and/or bone fragments contact each other. Often, fusion is facilitated by compression of the two separate bones and/or bone fragments towards each other. … more "Fusion” refers to a natural process of bone growth and generation in which two separate bones and/or bone fragments grow together as new bone grows when the two separate bones and/or bone fragments contact each other. Often, fusion is facilitated by compression of the two separate bones and/or bone fragments towards each other.

"Fastener guide" or "reducer" refers to any structure, apparatus, surface, device, system, feature, or aspect configured, designed, engineered, or fabricated to guide or direct a fastener into a bone as part of deploying the fastener. Examples of a fastener guide include an opening in a structure that is sized and/or oriented for deployment of a fastener such as a bone screw, a reference pin for aligning a fastener for deployment at a desired orientation and/or trajectory, and the like. … more "Fastener guide" or "reducer" refers to any structure, apparatus, surface, device, system, feature, or aspect configured, designed, engineered, or fabricated to guide or direct a fastener into a bone as part of deploying the fastener. Examples of a fastener guide include an opening in a structure that is sized and/or oriented for deployment of a fastener such as a bone screw, a reference pin for aligning a fastener for deployment at a desired orientation and/or trajectory, and the like.

"User directions" refers to any request, instruction, direction, input, feedback, prescription, designation, order, directive, or the like from a user of an apparatus, system, device, component, subsystem, or other object. User directions can be created, sent, and/or received in a variety of forms and/or formats, including, but not limited to, a user action in a user interface, a prescription, a form, a conversation, an electronic mail message, a text message, a gesture by the user, or the like. … more "User directions" refers to any request, instruction, direction, input, feedback, prescription, designation, order, directive, or the like from a user of an apparatus, system, device, component, subsystem, or other object. User directions can be created, sent, and/or received in a variety of forms and/or formats, including, but not limited to, a user action in a user interface, a prescription, a form, a conversation, an electronic mail message, a text message, a gesture by the user, or the like.

"Deformity” refers to any abnormality in or of an organism, a part of an organism, or an anatomical structure of a patient that appears or functions differently than is considered normal, or is common, in relation to the same organism, a part of an organism, or an anatomical structure of other subjects of the same species as the patient. (Search "deformity" on Wikipedia.com June 13, 2023. CC-BY-SA 3.0 Modified. Accessed June 28, 2023.) … more "Deformity” refers to any abnormality in or of an organism, a part of an organism, or an anatomical structure of a patient that appears or functions differently than is considered normal, or is common, in relation to the same organism, a part of an organism, or an anatomical structure of other subjects of the same species as the patient. (Search "deformity" on Wikipedia.com June 13, 2023. CC-BY-SA 3.0 Modified. Accessed June 28, 2023.)

"Ankle fusion procedure" refers to a surgical procedure that seeks to immobilize an ankle joint of a patient. The surgery fuses two or more bones of the ankle of the patient. The surgery involves the use of screws, plates, medical nails, and other hardware or fasteners to achieve bone union. Ankle fusion is considered to be the gold standard for treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis. Ankle fusion trades joint mobility for relief from pain. (Search "ankle fusion" on Wikipedia.com Dec. 21, 2022. CC-BY-SA 3.0 Modified. Accessed June 28, 2023.) An ankle fusion procedure may also be referred to as ankle arthrodesis, talocrural joint fusion, tibiotalar arthrodesis, and tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis. An ankle fusion procedure can be performed using a variety of approaches to the ankle including an anterior approach, a posterior approach, a lateral approach and a medial approach. Each approach may use common or different instrumentation or implants for the procedure. … more "Ankle fusion procedure" refers to a surgical procedure that seeks to immobilize an ankle joint of a patient. The surgery fuses two or more bones of the ankle of the patient. The surgery involves the use of screws, plates, medical nails, and other hardware or fasteners to achieve bone union. Ankle fusion is considered to be the gold standard for treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis. Ankle fusion trades joint mobility for relief from pain. (Search "ankle fusion" on Wikipedia.com Dec. 21, 2022. CC-BY-SA 3.0 Modified. Accessed June 28, 2023.) An ankle fusion procedure may also be referred to as ankle arthrodesis, talocrural joint fusion, tibiotalar arthrodesis, and tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis. An ankle fusion procedure can be performed using a variety of approaches to the ankle including an anterior approach, a posterior approach, a lateral approach and a medial approach. Each approach may use common or different instrumentation or implants for the procedure.

"Resection interface" refers to an interface between a resected portion of tissue and another object, structure, or thing. Often a resection interface is an interface or boundary between one resected portion of an anatomical structure and another resected portion of another anatomical structure. The two anatomical structures can be portions, parts, or fragments of one anatomical structure or two different anatomical structures. A resection interface can be embodied in a variety of shapes and/or configurations, including a point, a line, a plane, a contour, a boundary, or the like. In one embodiment, a resection interface is an interface between two or more cut planes or two or more cut surfacesor two or more cut faces. … more "Resection interface" refers to an interface between a resected portion of tissue and another object, structure, or thing. Often a resection interface is an interface or boundary between one resected portion of an anatomical structure and another resected portion of another anatomical structure. The two anatomical structures can be portions, parts, or fragments of one anatomical structure or two different anatomical structures. A resection interface can be embodied in a variety of shapes and/or configurations, including a point, a line, a plane, a contour, a boundary, or the like. In one embodiment, a resection interface is an interface between two or more cut planes or two or more cut surfacesor two or more cut faces.

"Tissue" refers to a structure that makes up a one or more anatomical structures of a patient (i.e., human or animal). Tissue can be soft tissue or hard tissue. "Soft tissue" refers to tissue of a patient (i.e., human or animal). Examples of soft tissue include but are not limited to skin, ligament, tendon, fascia, fat muscle, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, lymph vessels, brain tissue, and/or nerves. "Hard tissue" refers to any human or animal tissue that is not soft tissue. Examples of hard tissue include bone, teeth, tooth enamel, dentin, cementum, cartilage, or the like. … more "Tissue" refers to a structure that makes up a one or more anatomical structures of a patient (i.e., human or animal). Tissue can be soft tissue or hard tissue. "Soft tissue" refers to tissue of a patient (i.e., human or animal). Examples of soft tissue include but are not limited to skin, ligament, tendon, fascia, fat muscle, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, lymph vessels, brain tissue, and/or nerves. "Hard tissue" refers to any human or animal tissue that is not soft tissue. Examples of hard tissue include bone, teeth, tooth enamel, dentin, cementum, cartilage, or the like.

As used herein, "preoperative plan" refers to a plan for performing a surgical procedure. Depending on the complexity of a surgery, a preoperative plan can be very simple and generic or very detailed and specific to a particular surgical procedure. In one aspect, a preoperative plan may include very detailed and specific step by step instructions for the surgical procedure. The instructions may be ordered according to a specific order for accomplishing a desired outcome. In certain embodiments, a preoperative plan may indicate which instruments, machines, systems, test, and/or personnel to use for the surgical procedure. A preoperative plan can take many forms and formats based on the needs and desires of the users of the preoperative plan. In one embodiment, the preoperative plan is a report that is displayed on a screen or that can be printed onto paper. In another embodiment, the preoperative plan may include instructions for operation planning software. In another embodiment, the preoperative plan may include instructions for surgical rehearsal tools, including software. In another embodiment, the preoperative plan may include instructions for operation planning using virtual reality or augmented reality software. … more As used herein, "preoperative plan" refers to a plan for performing a surgical procedure. Depending on the complexity of a surgery, a preoperative plan can be very simple and generic or very detailed and specific to a particular surgical procedure. In one aspect, a preoperative plan may include very detailed and specific step by step instructions for the surgical procedure. The instructions may be ordered according to a specific order for accomplishing a desired outcome. In certain embodiments, a preoperative plan may indicate which instruments, machines, systems, test, and/or personnel to use for the surgical procedure. A preoperative plan can take many forms and formats based on the needs and desires of the users of the preoperative plan. In one embodiment, the preoperative plan is a report that is displayed on a screen or that can be printed onto paper. In another embodiment, the preoperative plan may include instructions for operation planning software. In another embodiment, the preoperative plan may include instructions for surgical rehearsal tools, including software. In another embodiment, the preoperative plan may include instructions for operation planning using virtual reality or augmented reality software.

"Fin" refers to an appendage to another structure. A fin can also refer to a thin, rigid component or structure used to stabilize, direct, and/or orient a connected structure. (Search "fin" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2023. Web. Modified. Accessed 13 June 2023.) … more "Fin" refers to an appendage to another structure. A fin can also refer to a thin, rigid component or structure used to stabilize, direct, and/or orient a connected structure. (Search "fin" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2023. Web. Modified. Accessed 13 June 2023.)

"Bridge" refers to a structure, apparatus, system, and/or construct that spans a divide or opening and/or connects one side of a divide or opening to another side. (Search "bridge" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2023. Web. Modified. Accessed 13 June 2023.) … more "Bridge" refers to a structure, apparatus, system, and/or construct that spans a divide or opening and/or connects one side of a divide or opening to another side. (Search "bridge" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2023. Web. Modified. Accessed 13 June 2023.)

"Bone fragment" or "fragment" refers to a part of a bone that is normally part of another bone of a patient. A bone fragment may be partially or wholly separate from another bone of a patient due to a deformity, an osteotomy, a resection, and/or trauma. In one aspect, the bone that a bone fragment is normally part of, connected to, or joined with, is referred to as a parent bone. … more "Bone fragment" or "fragment" refers to a part of a bone that is normally part of another bone of a patient. A bone fragment may be partially or wholly separate from another bone of a patient due to a deformity, an osteotomy, a resection, and/or trauma. In one aspect, the bone that a bone fragment is normally part of, connected to, or joined with, is referred to as a parent bone.