"Jaw" refers to a structure, apparatus, assembly, and/or component configured to engage an object and restrict movement of the object. In certain embodiments, a jaw may restrict movement temporarily, for example during a stage of an operation or a procedure. Or, a jaw may restrict movement of the object permanently. Often, a jaw may include one or more teeth and may have a form or configuration that can resemble the jaw of a person or animal. In certain embodiments, a jaw may also be referred to as a holder, a grip, a pincer, a clamp, or the like. … more "Jaw" refers to a structure, apparatus, assembly, and/or component configured to engage an object and restrict movement of the object. In certain embodiments, a jaw may restrict movement temporarily, for example during a stage of an operation or a procedure. Or, a jaw may restrict movement of the object permanently. Often, a jaw may include one or more teeth and may have a form or configuration that can resemble the jaw of a person or animal. In certain embodiments, a jaw may also be referred to as a holder, a grip, a pincer, a clamp, or the like.

"Ovality" refers to the deviation of a geometric shape from being a perfect circle, where the shape takes on an oval or elliptical form. It is a measure of how much an object, such as a cylindrical or circular structure, deviates from a true circular shape. The term "ovality" is often used in the context of engineering, manufacturing, and quality control to describe the variation in shape of circular objects. Ovality is typically expressed as a ratio or percentage that represents the difference between the major and minor axes of the shape. Mathematically, ovality (O) can be defined as: (Maximum Diameter - Minimum Diameter) divided by Maximum Diameter. The Maximum Diameter is the major axis of the shape and the Minimum Diameter is the minor axis of the shape. Ovality values range from 0 (perfect circle) to 1 (maximum deviation, forming a straight line). A higher ovality value indicates a more pronounced deviation from circularity. (© ChatGPT Aug. 3.5 Version, Modified, accessed chat.openai.com/chat Dec. 8, 2023). … more "Ovality" refers to the deviation of a geometric shape from being a perfect circle, where the shape takes on an oval or elliptical form. It is a measure of how much an object, such as a cylindrical or circular structure, deviates from a true circular shape. The term "ovality" is often used in the context of engineering, manufacturing, and quality control to describe the variation in shape of circular objects. Ovality is typically expressed as a ratio or percentage that represents the difference between the major and minor axes of the shape. Mathematically, ovality (O) can be defined as: (Maximum Diameter - Minimum Diameter) divided by Maximum Diameter. The Maximum Diameter is the major axis of the shape and the Minimum Diameter is the minor axis of the shape. Ovality values range from 0 (perfect circle) to 1 (maximum deviation, forming a straight line). A higher ovality value indicates a more pronounced deviation from circularity. (© ChatGPT Aug. 3.5 Version, Modified, accessed chat.openai.com/chat Dec. 8, 2023).

"Software" refers to any form of instructions that a machine or device can accept and can implement the features, functions, or operations specified in the instructions. Software includes both machine-readable instructions, human readable instructions, and instructions that are both human and machine readable. Examples of software include, but are not limited to, binary code, machine code, microcode, firmware, scripts, compiled code, source code, and the like. … more "Software" refers to any form of instructions that a machine or device can accept and can implement the features, functions, or operations specified in the instructions. Software includes both machine-readable instructions, human readable instructions, and instructions that are both human and machine readable. Examples of software include, but are not limited to, binary code, machine code, microcode, firmware, scripts, compiled code, source code, and the like.

"Fastener", "fixation device", or "fastener system" refers to any structure configured, designed, or engineered to join two structures. Fasteners may be made of a variety of materials including metal, plastic, composite materials, metal alloys, plastic composites, and the like. Examples of fasteners include, but are not limited to screws, rivets, bolts, nails, snaps, hook and loop, set screws, bone screws, nuts, posts, pins, zippers, tie downs, buckles that include a male member and a female member, a cam buckle and a strap or tether, thumb screws, and the like. Other examples of fasteners include, but are not limited to wires, anchors, plates, rods or pins, implants, sutures, soft sutures, soft anchors, tethers, interbody cages, fusion cages, and the like. In certain embodiments, the term fastener may refer to a fastener system that includes two or more structures configured to combine to serve as a fastener. One example of a fastener is a buckle that can releasably connect one strap to another structure such as another strap. In certain embodiments, a fastener can include an anchor strap connected to one member of the fastener and a span strap connected to another member of the fastener. Together, the first and second members may form a buckle. Such example fasteners include backpack or camping straps and buckles, side squeeze buckles and straps, outdoor recreation straps and buckles, one or more straps and cam buckles, and the like. In certain embodiments, the fastener can include a buckle and one or more straps and the buckle can include a pin, bar, or other structure that enables adjustment of a length of the strap that couples to the buckle. Another example of a fastener system is a rod or shaft having external threads and an opening or bore within another structure having corresponding internal threads configured to engage the external threads of the rod or shaft. In certain embodiments, the term fastener may be used with an adjective that identifies an object or structure that the fastener may be particularly configured, designed, or engineered to engage, connect to, join, contact, or couple together with one or more other structures of the same or different types. For example, a "metal fastener" may refer to an apparatus for joining or connecting one or more metal structures, or the like. In certain embodiments, a fastener may be a temporary fastener. A temporary fastener is configured to engage and serve a fastening function for a relatively short period of time. Typically, a temporary fastener is configured to be used until another procedure, stage, or operation is completed and/or until a particular event. In certain embodiments, a user may remove or disengage a temporary fastener. Alternatively, or in addition, another structure, event, or machine may cause the temporary fastener to become disengaged. … more "Fastener", "fixation device", or "fastener system" refers to any structure configured, designed, or engineered to join two structures. Fasteners may be made of a variety of materials including metal, plastic, composite materials, metal alloys, plastic composites, and the like. Examples of fasteners include, but are not limited to screws, rivets, bolts, nails, snaps, hook and loop, set screws, bone screws, nuts, posts, pins, zippers, tie downs, buckles that include a male member and a female member, a cam buckle and a strap or tether, thumb screws, and the like. Other examples of fasteners include, but are not limited to wires, anchors, plates, rods or pins, implants, sutures, soft sutures, soft anchors, tethers, interbody cages, fusion cages, and the like. In certain embodiments, the term fastener may refer to a fastener system that includes two or more structures configured to combine to serve as a fastener. One example of a fastener is a buckle that can releasably connect one strap to another structure such as another strap. In certain embodiments, a fastener can include an anchor strap connected to one member of the fastener and a span strap connected to another member of the fastener. Together, the first and second members may form a buckle. Such example fasteners include backpack or camping straps and buckles, side squeeze buckles and straps, outdoor recreation straps and buckles, one or more straps and cam buckles, and the like. In certain embodiments, the fastener can include a buckle and one or more straps and the buckle can include a pin, bar, or other structure that enables adjustment of a length of the strap that couples to the buckle. Another example of a fastener system is a rod or shaft having external threads and an opening or bore within another structure having corresponding internal threads configured to engage the external threads of the rod or shaft. In certain embodiments, the term fastener may be used with an adjective that identifies an object or structure that the fastener may be particularly configured, designed, or engineered to engage, connect to, join, contact, or couple together with one or more other structures of the same or different types. For example, a "metal fastener" may refer to an apparatus for joining or connecting one or more metal structures, or the like. In certain embodiments, a fastener may be a temporary fastener. A temporary fastener is configured to engage and serve a fastening function for a relatively short period of time. Typically, a temporary fastener is configured to be used until another procedure, stage, or operation is completed and/or until a particular event. In certain embodiments, a user may remove or disengage a temporary fastener. Alternatively, or in addition, another structure, event, or machine may cause the temporary fastener to become disengaged.

"Leadscrew", "power screw", or "translation screw" refers to a cyclindrical rod with at least one set of external threads on a least one end. The rod may be solid or hollow. The rod may include threads on both ends. The rod includes, or may be coupled to, a driver that rotates the rod about its longitudinal axis. Rotation of the rod converts rotary motion to linear motion of one or more linkages coupled to the rod by the at least one set of threads. A leadscrew is a screw used as a linkage in a machine, to translate turning motion into linear motion. Because of the large area of sliding contact between male and female members of the leadscrew and linakges that engage the at least one set of threads, screw threads of lead screws can have larger frictional energy losses compared to other linkages. Leadscrews can be used for intermittent use in low power actuator and positioner mechanisms. Leadscrews are commonly used in linear actuators, machine slides (such as in machine tools), vises, presses, and jacks. Leadscrews are a common component in electric linear actuators. Leadscrews are manufactured in the same way as other thread forms (they may be rolled, cut, or ground). (Search “leadscrew” on Wikipedia.com June 3, 2022. Modified. Accessed Oct. 18, 2022.) … more "Leadscrew", "power screw", or "translation screw" refers to a cyclindrical rod with at least one set of external threads on a least one end. The rod may be solid or hollow. The rod may include threads on both ends. The rod includes, or may be coupled to, a driver that rotates the rod about its longitudinal axis. Rotation of the rod converts rotary motion to linear motion of one or more linkages coupled to the rod by the at least one set of threads. A leadscrew is a screw used as a linkage in a machine, to translate turning motion into linear motion. Because of the large area of sliding contact between male and female members of the leadscrew and linakges that engage the at least one set of threads, screw threads of lead screws can have larger frictional energy losses compared to other linkages. Leadscrews can be used for intermittent use in low power actuator and positioner mechanisms. Leadscrews are commonly used in linear actuators, machine slides (such as in machine tools), vises, presses, and jacks. Leadscrews are a common component in electric linear actuators. Leadscrews are manufactured in the same way as other thread forms (they may be rolled, cut, or ground). (Search “leadscrew” on Wikipedia.com June 3, 2022. Modified. Accessed Oct. 18, 2022.)

"Zero return" of "home position" refers to a position for a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine. Specifically, the zero return position is an initial starting position before the CNC performs any operations to implement a particular machining procedure. Said another way, the zero return position is the position the moving parts of a CNC machine start in before initiating a machining program. A zero return or home position can serve as a point of reference from which adjustments can be made along one or more axes. Generally, movement of a cutting tool or other part of a CNC machine is done in relation to the zero return or home position and movement in one direction along an axis is measured in positive units (metric or imperial) and movement in an opposite direction along the same axis is measured in negative units. … more "Zero return" of "home position" refers to a position for a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine. Specifically, the zero return position is an initial starting position before the CNC performs any operations to implement a particular machining procedure. Said another way, the zero return position is the position the moving parts of a CNC machine start in before initiating a machining program. A zero return or home position can serve as a point of reference from which adjustments can be made along one or more axes. Generally, movement of a cutting tool or other part of a CNC machine is done in relation to the zero return or home position and movement in one direction along an axis is measured in positive units (metric or imperial) and movement in an opposite direction along the same axis is measured in negative units.

"Beveling" refers to a machining process that forms an edge on a workpiece that is not perpendicular to one or more faces of the workpiece. A bevel shape may be referred to as a chamfer as well. (Search “bevel” on Wikipedia.com Aug. 18, 2022. Modified. Accessed Oct. 17, 2022.) Beveling may be used to form a new edge and the bevel may be identified by the shape of the edge in profile after is it formed. Examples, of bevel shapes include "J" bevel, "V" bevel, "V" bevel with counterbore, "J" bevel with counterbore, compound bevel, compound J bevel, and the like. … more "Beveling" refers to a machining process that forms an edge on a workpiece that is not perpendicular to one or more faces of the workpiece. A bevel shape may be referred to as a chamfer as well. (Search “bevel” on Wikipedia.com Aug. 18, 2022. Modified. Accessed Oct. 17, 2022.) Beveling may be used to form a new edge and the bevel may be identified by the shape of the edge in profile after is it formed. Examples, of bevel shapes include "J" bevel, "V" bevel, "V" bevel with counterbore, "J" bevel with counterbore, compound bevel, compound J bevel, and the like.

"Grooving" refers to a machining process that forms a groove or channel around an external surface of a cylindrical workpiece such as a pipe. The groove may have perpendicular walls and a flat bottom or one or more of the walls may angle at any angle between 0 and 180 between an external surface of the workpiece and a bottom of the groove. … more "Grooving" refers to a machining process that forms a groove or channel around an external surface of a cylindrical workpiece such as a pipe. The groove may have perpendicular walls and a flat bottom or one or more of the walls may angle at any angle between 0 and 180 between an external surface of the workpiece and a bottom of the groove.

"Threading" refers to a machining process that forms a set of one or more threads onto or within a workpiece.The threads formed can be external and on a surface of a workpiece or internal and within a hole, channel, or passage of the workpiece. Threading may form one or more helical threads and/or one or more conical threads. In certain embodiments, threading can form tapered threads or parallel threads along a length of the workpiece. Threads formed using threading may have a variety of profiles including metric, american national (unified), 60 degree stub, square, acme, stub acme, buttress, knuckle, whitworth, and the like. Threading may form unified coarse threads (UNC), unified coarse threads (UNF), 8-UN threads (8 thread), American Taper Pipe Thread or National Pipe Thread (NPT), American Taper Pipe Thread for dryseal without sealant compound or National Pipe Taper Fue (NPTF), or the like. … more "Threading" refers to a machining process that forms a set of one or more threads onto or within a workpiece.The threads formed can be external and on a surface of a workpiece or internal and within a hole, channel, or passage of the workpiece. Threading may form one or more helical threads and/or one or more conical threads. In certain embodiments, threading can form tapered threads or parallel threads along a length of the workpiece. Threads formed using threading may have a variety of profiles including metric, american national (unified), 60 degree stub, square, acme, stub acme, buttress, knuckle, whitworth, and the like. Threading may form unified coarse threads (UNC), unified coarse threads (UNF), 8-UN threads (8 thread), American Taper Pipe Thread or National Pipe Thread (NPT), American Taper Pipe Thread for dryseal without sealant compound or National Pipe Taper Fue (NPTF), or the like.

"Servo" or "servomechanism" refers to an automatic device that uses error-sensing negative feedback to correct the action of a mechanism. For displacement-controlled applications, a servo can include a built-in encoder or other position feedback mechanism to ensure the output is achieving the desired effect. The term correctly applies to systems where the feedback or error-correction signals help control mechanical position, speed, attitude or any other measurable variables. (Search “servomechanism” on Wikipedia.com July 12, 2022. Modified. Accessed Oct. 11, 2022.). … more "Servo" or "servomechanism" refers to an automatic device that uses error-sensing negative feedback to correct the action of a mechanism. For displacement-controlled applications, a servo can include a built-in encoder or other position feedback mechanism to ensure the output is achieving the desired effect. The term correctly applies to systems where the feedback or error-correction signals help control mechanical position, speed, attitude or any other measurable variables. (Search “servomechanism” on Wikipedia.com July 12, 2022. Modified. Accessed Oct. 11, 2022.).

"Insert” refers to an apparatus, instrument, structure, device, component, system, or assembly that is structured, organized, configured, designed, arranged, or engineered to couple or connect to one or more other components, parts, or devices. In certain embodiments, an insert is configured to be inserted or deployed onto another component or structure. In certain embodiments, an insert may also be referred to as a tool bit or tooth. … more "Insert” refers to an apparatus, instrument, structure, device, component, system, or assembly that is structured, organized, configured, designed, arranged, or engineered to couple or connect to one or more other components, parts, or devices. In certain embodiments, an insert is configured to be inserted or deployed onto another component or structure. In certain embodiments, an insert may also be referred to as a tool bit or tooth.

"Mechanical system" refers to an apparatus, instrument, structure, device, component, member, system, assembly or module structured, organized, configured, designed, arranged, or engineered to perform one or more features, functions, and/or operations using some, most, or wholly mechanical components, linkages, couplings, connections, and the like. In certain embodiments, a mechanical system may include no electrical, pneumatic, or hydraulic components. … more "Mechanical system" refers to an apparatus, instrument, structure, device, component, member, system, assembly or module structured, organized, configured, designed, arranged, or engineered to perform one or more features, functions, and/or operations using some, most, or wholly mechanical components, linkages, couplings, connections, and the like. In certain embodiments, a mechanical system may include no electrical, pneumatic, or hydraulic components.

"Chuck" refers to a specialized type of clamp used to hold an object with radial symmetry, such as a cylinder. In a drill tool or machining tool, a mill, or a transmission, a chuck may hold or secure a rotating cutting tool; in a lathe, a chuck may hold a rotating workpiece. A chuck may include jaws that hold a cutting tool or workpiece. The jaws (sometimes called dogs) may be arranged in a radially symmetrical pattern. Chucks on some lathes may include jaws that move independently, allowing them to hold irregularly shaped objects. (Search “chuck (engineering)” on Wikipedia.com Oct. 7, 2022. Modified. Accessed Oct. 11, 2022.). … more "Chuck" refers to a specialized type of clamp used to hold an object with radial symmetry, such as a cylinder. In a drill tool or machining tool, a mill, or a transmission, a chuck may hold or secure a rotating cutting tool; in a lathe, a chuck may hold a rotating workpiece. A chuck may include jaws that hold a cutting tool or workpiece. The jaws (sometimes called dogs) may be arranged in a radially symmetrical pattern. Chucks on some lathes may include jaws that move independently, allowing them to hold irregularly shaped objects. (Search “chuck (engineering)” on Wikipedia.com Oct. 7, 2022. Modified. Accessed Oct. 11, 2022.).

"Machining" refers to a process in which a material (often metal) is cut to a desired final shape, size, or to include a particular shape or feature by a controlled material-removal process. The processes that have this common characteristic are collectively referred to as subtractive manufacturing. Machining may be a part of the manufacture of many products, whether metal, wood, plastic, ceramic, and/or composite material. The machining process includes processes such as turning, boring, drilling, milling, broaching, sawing, shaping, planing, reaming, and tapping. Certain machining tools may be capable of performing one or more of these machining processes, such machining tools may include, but are not limited to lathes, milling machines, drill presses, or the like and may use a sharp cutting tool to remove material to achieve a desired geometry, shapes, forms, and/or features. (Search “machining” on Wikipedia.com Aug. 2, 2022. Modified. Accessed Oct. 11, 2022.). … more "Machining" refers to a process in which a material (often metal) is cut to a desired final shape, size, or to include a particular shape or feature by a controlled material-removal process. The processes that have this common characteristic are collectively referred to as subtractive manufacturing. Machining may be a part of the manufacture of many products, whether metal, wood, plastic, ceramic, and/or composite material. The machining process includes processes such as turning, boring, drilling, milling, broaching, sawing, shaping, planing, reaming, and tapping. Certain machining tools may be capable of performing one or more of these machining processes, such machining tools may include, but are not limited to lathes, milling machines, drill presses, or the like and may use a sharp cutting tool to remove material to achieve a desired geometry, shapes, forms, and/or features. (Search “machining” on Wikipedia.com Aug. 2, 2022. Modified. Accessed Oct. 11, 2022.).

"X-axis plate" refers to a plate that facilitates and enables positioning, orienting, moving, and/or repositioning of one or more cutting tools along an x-axis of a machining system or assembly. … more "X-axis plate" refers to a plate that facilitates and enables positioning, orienting, moving, and/or repositioning of one or more cutting tools along an x-axis of a machining system or assembly.

"Z-axis" refers to an axis that is horizontal to a planar base reference plane and perpendicular to a y-axis and an x-axis. … more "Z-axis" refers to an axis that is horizontal to a planar base reference plane and perpendicular to a y-axis and an x-axis.

"Y-axis" refers to an axis that is vertical to a planar base reference plane. … more "Y-axis" refers to an axis that is vertical to a planar base reference plane.

"X-axis" refers to an axis that is horizontal to a planar base reference plane. … more "X-axis" refers to an axis that is horizontal to a planar base reference plane.

"Vise" refers to a machine that serves to hold an object such as a workpiece stationary while functions or steps are performed on the workpiece. Generally, a vise includes a pair of jaws of clamps that are pressed together with the workpiece between the jaws. In certain embodiments, one jaw of the pair is stationary while the other jaw is configured to slide or move towards and retract away from the stationary jaw. In other embodiments, both jaws may be coupled to a stationary platform, frame, or base and one or more drivers may drive both jaws toward each other or retract the jaws away from each other with the workpiece positioned between the jaws. A a variety of drive mechanisms may be used to drive and/or retract one or more of the jaws towards and/or away from each other. For example, the drive mechanism may be mechanical and may include a leadscrew anchored to one jaw and configured to thread through a second jaw. In another example, a hydraulic or pneumatic ram may connect to one or the other or both jaws and may extend to move the jaws towards each other and may retract to separate the jaws. … more "Vise" refers to a machine that serves to hold an object such as a workpiece stationary while functions or steps are performed on the workpiece. Generally, a vise includes a pair of jaws of clamps that are pressed together with the workpiece between the jaws. In certain embodiments, one jaw of the pair is stationary while the other jaw is configured to slide or move towards and retract away from the stationary jaw. In other embodiments, both jaws may be coupled to a stationary platform, frame, or base and one or more drivers may drive both jaws toward each other or retract the jaws away from each other with the workpiece positioned between the jaws. A a variety of drive mechanisms may be used to drive and/or retract one or more of the jaws towards and/or away from each other. For example, the drive mechanism may be mechanical and may include a leadscrew anchored to one jaw and configured to thread through a second jaw. In another example, a hydraulic or pneumatic ram may connect to one or the other or both jaws and may extend to move the jaws towards each other and may retract to separate the jaws.

"Workpiece" refers to any object or structure that is receiving one or more actions in relation to one or more stages of a procedure or operation. For example, when drilling a hole in a plate, the plate is the workpiece because the plate receives the drilling action. When machining an end of a pipe to form threads, the pipe and/or pipe end are the workpiece. … more "Workpiece" refers to any object or structure that is receiving one or more actions in relation to one or more stages of a procedure or operation. For example, when drilling a hole in a plate, the plate is the workpiece because the plate receives the drilling action. When machining an end of a pipe to form threads, the pipe and/or pipe end are the workpiece.