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As used herein, "bone engagement surface" refers to a surface of an object, instrument, or apparatus, such as an implant that is oriented toward or faces one or more bones of a patient. In one aspect, the bone engagement surface may abut, touch, or contact a surface of a bone. In another aspect, the bone engagement surface or parts of the bone engagement surface may be close to, but not abut, touch, or contact a surface of the bone. In certain aspects, the bone engagement surface can be configured to engage with a surface of one or more bones. Such a bone engagement surface may include projections and recesses that correspond to and match projections and recesses of the one or more bone surfaces. In certain embodiments, a bone engagement surface is an implementation and/or part of a structure that implements a bone engagement feature. |
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"Bone engagement feature" refers to a structure, feature, component, aspect configured to contact, touch, abut, and/or engage with a bone, a bone part, and/or a bone fragment. A bone engagement feature may enable temporary engagement with a bone or bone fragment or permanent engagement with a bone or bone fragment. A bone engagement feature may include a bone engagement surface and a body section that supports the bone engagement surface. In certain embodiments, a bone engagement feature may include a bone probe. In one embodiment, a bone engagement feature may include a landmark registration feature. Alternatively, or in addition, a bone engagement feature can include a bone attachment feature configured to engage with bone and/or to cooperate with a fastener to engage with bone. |
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"Frangible" refers to a type of material designed, engineered, and/or configured to break easily under an expected force. Frangible objects may be designed to break easily under the expected force to provide a safety feature, a convenience feature, or the like. Frangible objects can be made from metal, plastic, ceramics, wood, paper, or the like. Frangible also includes something that is breakable or fragile; especially something that is intentionally made so. (Search "frangible" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2023. Web. Accessed 11 May 2023. Modified.) |
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As used herein, “side” refers to a structure or part of a structure including, but not limited to one of a longer bounding surfaces or lines of an object especially contrasted with the ends, a line or surface forming a border or face of an object, either surface of a thin object, a bounding line or structure of a geometric figure or shape, and the like. (search "side" on Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, 2021. Web. 03 Aug. 2021. Modified.) A side can also refer to a geometric edge of a polygon (two-dimensional shape) and/or a face or surface of a polyhedron (three-dimensional shape). (Search "side" on Wikipedia.com July 21, 2021. CC-BY-SA 3.0 Modified. Accessed Aug. 03, 2021.) Side can also refer to a location on a structure. For example, a side can be a location on a structure at, or near, a furthest position away from a central axis of the structure. As used herein, the term “side” can include one or more modifiers that define and/or orient and/or distinguish the side of an object from others based on based on where and/or how the object is deployed within or in relation to a second object. For example, in the context of an implant for a patient, sides of the implant may be labeled based on where the sides are relative to the patient when the implant is deployed. As one example, an “anterior side” of an implant, instrument, anatomical structure, or other structure refers to a side that is anterior to other sides of the structure in relation to a patient when the structure is deployed in the patient. As another example, in the context of an instrument used with a patient, sides of the instrument may be labeled based on where the sides are when the instrument is being used for its purpose. As one example, a “front side” of an instrument refers to a side that is facing a user of the instrument when the instrument is in use. |
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As used herein, a “deploy” or "deployment" refers to an act, action, process, system, method, means, or apparatus for inserting an implant or prosthesis into a part, body part, and/or patient. “Deploy” or "deployment" can also refer to an act, action, process, system, method, means, or apparatus for placing something into therapeutic use. A device, system, component, medication, drug, compound, or nutrient may be deployed by a human operator, a mechanical device, an automated system, a computer system or program, a robotic system, or the like. |
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"Joint" or "Articulation" refers to the connection made between bones in a human or animal body which link the skeletal system to form a functional whole. Joints may be biomechanically classified as a simple joint, a compound joint, or a complex joint. Joints may be classified anatomically into groups such as joints of hand, elbow joints, wrist joints, axillary joints, sternoclavicular joints, vertebral articulations, temporomandibular joints, sacroiliac joints, hip joints, knee joints, articulations of foot, and the like. (Search "joint" on Wikipedia.com Dec. 19, 2021. CC-BY-SA 3.0 Modified. Accessed Jan 20, 2022.) |
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"Tissue" refers to a structure that makes up a one or more anatomical structures of a patient (i.e., human or animal). Tissue can be soft tissue or hard tissue. "Soft tissue" refers to tissue of a patient (i.e., human or animal). Examples of soft tissue include but are not limited to skin, ligament, tendon, fascia, fat muscle, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, lymph vessels, brain tissue, and/or nerves. "Hard tissue" refers to any human or animal tissue that is not soft tissue. Examples of hard tissue include bone, teeth, tooth enamel, dentin, cementum, cartilage, or the like. |
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“Topographical” refers to the physical distribution of parts, structures, or features on the surface of, or within, an organ or other anatomical structure, or organism. (Search “define topographical” on google.com. Oxford Languages, Copyright 2022. Oxford University Press. Web., Modified. Accessed 15 Feb. 2022.) |
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“Boundary” refers to a structure, line, or area where an object, surface, line, area, or operation is or is expected to begin and/or end. A boundary can be similar to a border. |
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"Landmark registration feature" or “Landmark” refers to a structure configured to engage with a feature, aspect, attribute, or characteristic of a first object to orient and/or position a second object that includes the landmark registration feature with respect to the first object. A variety of structures can serve as a landmark registration feature. For example, a landmark registration feature may include a protrusion, a projection, a tuberosity, a cavity, a void, a divot, a tab, an extension, a hook, a curve, or the like. In the context of bones of a patient a landmark registration feature can include any protuberance, void, divot, concave section, sesamoid, bone spur or other feature on, or extending from, a bone of a patient. A landmark refers to any structure of an anatomical structure that is referenced, contacted, engaged with and/or associated with a landmark registration feature. |
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"Probe bone engagement surface" refers to a bone engagement surface on one surface of a probe or part of a probe. |
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"Bone attachment feature" refers to a structure, feature, component, aspect configured to securely connect, couple, attach, and/or engage a structure, component, object, or body with a bone and/or a bone fragment. Examples of a bone attachment feature, include, but are not limited to, a pin, a spike, a tine, a K-wire, a screw, or other fastener alone, or in combination with, a hole, passage, and/or opening. |
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As used herein, "patient-specific osteotomy procedure" refers to an osteotomy procedure that has been adjusted, tailored, modified, or configured to specifically address the needs or desires or a particular patient. In certain aspects, one patient-specific osteotomy procedure may be useable in connection with only one patient. In other aspects, one patient-specific osteotomy procedure may be useable with a number of patients having a particular class of characteristics. |
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"Ankle fusion procedure" refers to a surgical procedure that seeks to immobilize an ankle joint of a patient. The surgery fuses two or more bones of the ankle of the patient. The surgery involves the use of screws, plates, medical nails, and other hardware or fasteners to achieve bone union. Ankle fusion is considered to be the gold standard for treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis. Ankle fusion trades joint mobility for relief from pain. (Search "ankle fusion" on Wikipedia.com Dec. 21, 2022. CC-BY-SA 3.0 Modified. Accessed June 28, 2023.) An ankle fusion procedure may also be referred to as ankle arthrodesis, talocrural joint fusion, tibiotalar arthrodesis, and tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis. An ankle fusion procedure can be performed using a variety of approaches to the ankle including an anterior approach, a posterior approach, a lateral approach and a medial approach. Each approach may use common or different instrumentation or implants for the procedure. |
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“Deformity” refers to any abnormality in or of an organism, a part of an organism, or an anatomical structure of a patient that appears or functions differently than is considered normal, or is common, in relation to the same organism, a part of an organism, or an anatomical structure of other subjects of the same species as the patient. (Search "deformity" on Wikipedia.com June 13, 2023. CC-BY-SA 3.0 Modified. Accessed June 28, 2023.) |
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"Prescription" or "Prescribed" refers to an instruction, request, direction, determination, designation, authorization, and/or order, as by a physician or nurse practitioner, for the administration of a medicine, preparation of an implant, preparation of an instrument, or other intervention. Often a prescription is written. Prescription can also refer to the prescribed medicine or intervention. (Search "prescription" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2023. Web. Accessed 3 May 2023. Modified.) |
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"User directions" refers to any request, instruction, direction, input, feedback, prescription, designation, order, directive, or the like from a user of an apparatus, system, device, component, subsystem, or other object. User directions can be created, sent, and/or received in a variety of forms and/or formats, including, but not limited to, a user action in a user interface, a prescription, a form, a conversation, an electronic mail message, a text message, a gesture by the user, or the like. In the context of an osteotomy procedure, user directions can include a set of default settings or choices or instructions for fabrication of a patient-specific instrument or set of instruments, an online form completed by a user (e.g., surgeon), a set of modifications to an original set of user directions, and the like. |
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"Position" refers to a place or location. (Search "position" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2022. Web. Modified. Accessed 9 Aug. 2022.) Often, a position refers to a place or location of a first object in relation to a place or location of another object. One object can be positioned on, in, or relative to a second object. In addition, a position can refer to a place or location of a first object in relation to a place or location of another object in a virtual environment. For example, a model of one object can be positioned relative to a model of another object in a virtual environment such as a modeling software program. |
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"Predetermined Position" refers to a position that is decided, determined, finalized, and/or defined earlier in time. In certain embodiments, a predetermined position is a desired, designed, and/or engineered position of a first object in relation to a second object. Thus, a predetermined position is a planned position for the two objects in relation to each other. In certain embodiments, one or both of the two objects may be moved relative to each other to accomplish the predetermined position and the predetermined position may become the final position. In other embodiments, the two objects may be moved towards the predetermined position but may not reach the exact predetermined position due to some impediment and/or interference or a decision to change the predetermined position to a new position. In certain aspects, a predetermined position may be a position that is decided after a process of recommendation, review, and/or analysis, and final approval such that a position may not become a predetermined position until the process is completed. For example, in a medical patient-specific instrument or technique design process a position may not become the predetermined position until a surgeon or other doctor provides final approval for the position. |
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"Contour" refers to an outline representing or bounding a shape or form of an object. Contour can also refer to an outside limit of an object, area, or surface of the object. (Search "contour" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2023. Web. Modified. Accessed 13 June 2023.) |
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