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43

Traditionally, a surgeon inserts pedicle screws through one major central incision, where muscles and other tissues are dissected off of the spine and retracted to the side to facilitate visualization of the deep spinal bones. Under direct visualization, with or without radiological imaging, pedicle screws can be placed into the pedicles of the vertebral bodies, and then rods are typically placed to connect pedicle screws from one bone to those of other bones through the tulip head of a pedicle screw.

Added by DJM 1 2022