{
    "matter": "IPP-0051-US14 cross roads",
    "document_type": "Patent terminology definitions",
    "definitions": [
        {
            "term": "axial force transmitting relationship",
            "definition": "As used herein, an “axial force transmitting relationship” refers to a functional relationship between a first structure and a second structure. In this relationship, the structures interact with each other such that a force experienced or imparted by one structure (first or second) is transferred or transmitted to the other structure (first or second) along or in relation to a shared single axis. In certain embodiments, the first structure and second structure share a common axis. In other words, the two structures are coaxial. One axis, such as a longitudinal axis, is shared by both the first structure and the second structure."
        },
        {
            "term": "axial translation",
            "definition": "As used herein, an “axial translation” refers to motion of one or more components along a common axis."
        },
        {
            "term": "boss",
            "definition": "As used herein, a “boss” refers to a protruding feature on a work piece or structure. A common use or feature for a boss is to locate one object within a pocket or hole of another object. (Search 'Boss (engineering)' on Wikipedia.com Aug. 13, 2021. Modified. Accessed Aug. 18, 2021.) A boss may also refer to an enlarged part of a shaft. (See 'Boss)' in Oxford languages dictionary provided by Google.com Nov. 11, 2021. Modified. Accessed Nov. 11, 2021.)"
        },
        {
            "term": "clearance fit",
            "definition": "As used herein, a “clearance fit” refers to a type of engineering fit. An engineering fit is used in defining geometric dimensions and tolerances when designing a part or assembly. The fit is the clearance between two mating parts, and the size of this clearance determines whether the parts can, at one end of the spectrum, move or rotate independently from each other or, at the other end, are temporarily or permanently joined together. Engineering fits are generally described as a \"shaft and hole\" pairing but are not limited to just round components.\r\nThe three types of fit are: Clearance: The hole is larger than the shaft, enabling the two parts to slide and / or rotate when assembled, e.g., piston & valves; Location / transition: The hole is fractionally smaller than the shaft and mild force is required to assemble / disassemble e.g., Shaft key; and Interference: The hole is smaller than the shaft and high force and / or heat is required to assemble / disassemble e.g., Bearing bush. (Search 'engineering fit' on Wikipedia.com Aug. 6, 2021. Modified. Accessed Aug. 18, 2021.)"
        },
        {
            "term": "drive or drive feature",
            "definition": "As used herein, a “drive”, \"drive feature\", or \"drive recess\" refers to an apparatus, instrument, structure, member, device, component, system, or assembly structured, organized, configured, designed, arranged, or engineered to receive a torque and transfer that torque to a structure connected or coupled to the drive. At a minimum, a drive is a set of shaped cavities and/or protrusions on a structure that allows torque to be applied to the structure. Often, a drive includes a mating tool, known as a driver. For example, cavities and/or protrusions on a head of a screw are one kind of drive and an example of a corresponding mating tool is a screwdriver, that is used to turn the screw, the drive. Examples of a drive include but are not limited to screw drives such as slotted drives, cruciform drives, square drives, multiple square drives, internal polygon, internal hex drives, penta lobular sockets, hex lobular sockets, combination drives, external drives, tamper-resistant drives, and the like. (Search 'list of screw drives' on Wikipedia.com March 12, 2021. Modified. Accessed March 19, 2021.)"
        },
        {
            "term": "inserter",
            "definition": "As used herein, an “inserter” refers to an apparatus, instrument, structure, device, component, system, or assembly that is structured, organized, configured, designed, arranged, or engineered to insert or deploy one or more components, parts, or devices. In certain embodiments, an inserter can be used to insert implants and/or prosthesis into tissue, organs, or parts of a patient. In certain embodiments, an inserter can also be used to extract, retract, reposition, or remove an implant and/or prosthesis."
        },
        {
            "term": "knuckle threads or round threads",
            "definition": "As used herein, a “knuckle threads” or \"round threads\" refers to a type of screw thread having a rounded thread form. The rounded thread form results in a space between the rounded crests and roots. This space provides space for material or debris to be shifted to not interfere with the thread and engaged within the space. This thread form is resistant to debris and thread damage. (Search 'knuckle thread' on Wikipedia.com Jan. 23, 2021. Modified. Accessed Aug. 17, 2021.)"
        },
        {
            "term": "pushrod",
            "definition": "As used herein, a “pushrod” refers to an instrument, structure, device, or component that is long and slender or narrow and structured, organized, configured, positioned, designed, arranged, and/or engineered to press or push against another structure, instrument, component, or device. (Search 'Valve train' on Wikipedia.com July 15, 2021. Modified. Accessed Aug. 18, 2021.)"
        },
        {
            "term": "recess",
            "definition": "As used herein, a “recess” refers to hollow, void, opening, or depression formed in a surface. In certain embodiments, the recess does not pass through the structure having the surface. A recess can have a variety of cross-section shapes (e.g., ovoid, oval, round, circular, rectangular, square, or the like) and have a variety of configurations for one or more walls that define the recess. In one example, a recess can have one or more walls that connect in rounded corners. In certain embodiments, a recess is sized and shaped to receive or accept another structure."
        },
        {
            "term": "ridge",
            "definition": "As used herein, “ridge” refers to a narrow, raised band on a surface or a structure that extends outwards from something. One or more ridges can be configured in a uniform relationship to each other, such as being parallel or extending radially from a common point. (Search \"ridge\" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2021. Web. Accessed 18 Aug. 2021. Modified.)"
        },
        {
            "term": "suture or suture strand",
            "definition": "The terms “suture” and/or “suture strand” are used herein to mean any strand or flexible member, natural or synthetic, able to join tissue of a patient and/or to be anchored in a bone tunnel or to hard tissue and useful in a surgical procedure. In certain embodiments, “suture” and/or “suture strand” refers to a flexible line or flexible member of natural material, natural biological material, biomaterial, biomimetic materials, manmade material, or a combination of these either in a single structure, a composite structure, or a plurality of tissue structures that extend in parallel and/or may be woven or bonded together. In certain embodiments, a suture may be long and thin. In certain embodiments, a suture may be planar or may be elastic or inelastic. Examples of a suture include, but are not limited to, a thread, a suture, suture tape, a woven structure, a fibrous material, a cord, and/or any of these in combination with each other, and the like."
        },
        {
            "term": "tensioner",
            "definition": "As used herein, a “tensioner” refers to an apparatus, instrument, structure, device, component, system, or assembly that is structured, organized, configured, designed, arranged, or engineered to apply or increase tension in, on or to another structure, component, or device. The another structure, component, or device can be any of a variety of things including, but not limited to a thread, a suture, suture tape, a woven structure, a fibrous material, a cord, a ligament, cartilage, muscle, a ligament graft, and/or any of these in combination with each other, or the like. In certain embodiments, a tensioner can be used to release or relax tension in another structure, component, or device."
        },
        {
            "term": "thread or screw thread",
            "definition": "As used herein, a “thread” or \"screw thread\" refers to a helical structure used to convert between rotational and linear movement or force and/or to connect or engage two structures. A screw thread can be a ridge that wraps around a cylinder in the form of a helix, referred to as a straight thread. A screw thread can also be a ridge that wraps around a cone shape, referred to as a tapered thread. A screw thread is a feature of a  screw as a simple machine and also in use as a threaded fastener. \r\nA screw thread can provide one or both of the following functions: conversion of rotary motion or force into linear motion or force, and preventing or mitigating linear motion or force without corresponding rotation motion or force. In certain implementations of screw threads that convert a rotation force or torque into linear motion, or vice versa, the screw threads may be referred to as drive threads because of the drive function rotating the threads serves to extend or retract a structure linearly.\r\nExternal screw threads are those formed on an external surface of a structure, such as a cylinder or cone shaped structure. Internal screw threads are those formed on an internal wall or surface of a nut, substrate, or opening. The cross-sectional shape of a thread is often called its form or threadform (also spelled thread form). The thread form may be square, triangular, trapezoidal, or other shapes. The terms form and threadform can refer to other design aspects taken together (cross-sectional shape, pitch, and diameters) in addition to cross-sectional shape, but commonly refer to the standardized geometry used by the screw. Major categories of threads include machine threads, material threads, and power threads. Generally, triangular threadforms are based on an isosceles triangle. These threadforms are usually called V-threads or vee-threads because of the shape of the letter V. For 60° V-threads, the isosceles triangle is, more specifically, equilateral. For buttress threads, the triangle is scalene.\r\nThe theoretical triangle shape for the thread form can be truncated to varying degrees (that is, the tip of the triangle is cut short). A V-thread in which there is no truncation (or a minuscule amount considered negligible) is called a sharp V-thread. Truncation occurs (and is codified in standards) for practical reasons.\r\nThe mechanical advantage of a screw thread depends on its lead, which is the linear distance the screw travels in one revolution. In general, the lead of a screw thread may be selected so that friction is sufficient to prevent linear motion or force from being converted to rotary, that is so the screw does not slip or disengage even when linear force is applied, as long as no external rotational force is present. A “length of thread engagement” refers to a distance that one set of threads (external or internal) engages another set of one or more threads (external or internal). The tightening of a fastener's screw thread is comparable to driving a wedge into a gap until the wedge sticks fast through friction and slight elastic deformation. (Search 'screw thread' on Wikipedia.com July 16, 2021. Modified. Accessed Aug. 17, 2021.)"
        },
        {
            "term": "thumb screw",
            "definition": "As used herein, a \"thumb screw\" refers to a type of fastener or screw designed and configured to be tightened, loosened, attached or detached using a person's fingers, such as a thumb and forefinger. In certain embodiments, a thumb screw may include a knob or button or wheel configured to grasped and rotated by an operator to tighten, loosen, attach or detach the thumb screw."
        }
    ]
}