{
    "matter": "FPR-PAT-1-PROV",
    "document_type": "Patent terminology definitions",
    "definitions": [
        {
            "term": "hyperparameter",
            "definition": "\"Hyperparameter\" refers to a configurable value that governs the operation of a machine-learning model, such as parameters that control the training process (e.g., learning rate, batch size, and number of epochs) and/or parameters that control inference-time generation (e.g., temperature, top-p, and maximum token limits). Hyperparameters are selected or tuned externally to the model and are not learned as part of the model weights."
        },
        {
            "term": "Rogue Author",
            "definition": "“Rogue Author” refers to any individual, group, entity, or the like, who misuses, manipulates, or otherwise abuses the manuscript submission and review process. Such conduct may include, without limitation, engaging in fraudulent authorship practices, submitting fabricated or manipulated data, misrepresenting contributions, selling or purchasing authorship, exploiting paper mill services, engaging in undisclosed ghostwriting, violating ethical standards of peer review, or otherwise attempting to subvert the integrity, authenticity, or fairness of scholarly publishing.\r\nA rogue author may act alone or in collaboration with others, and may employ manual, automated, or artificial intelligence–based methods to generate, alter, or manipulate content, metadata, or submissions, including manuscript submissions. Rogue author behavior may be detected through anomalies in authorship declarations, irregular submission patterns, questionable citation practices, similarity to known paper mill outputs, or other indicators of misconduct, fraud, or abuse of the scientific peer review process."
        }
    ]
}