{
    "matter": "DAR-2",
    "document_type": "Patent terminology definitions",
    "definitions": [
        {
            "term": "bulk perfusate diversion system",
            "definition": "\"Bulk Perfusate Diversion System\" refers to a diversion system, structure, subsystem, device, apparatus, assembly, or the like that is organized, configured, designed, arranged, or engineered to divert, exchange, and/or replace a large quantity of perfusate within a fluid circuit, where large is a quantity greater than or equal to about twenty-five percent of the perfusate volume in a perfusate circuit.  For example suppose a quantity of perfusate within a fluid circuit is between about 600cc to about just less than 1000 cc. For such an example, a large quantity of may be between about 150 cc and about 250 cc. In another example a quantity of perfusate within a fluid circuit may be between about 1500 cc. For such an example, a large quantity of is between about 375 cc."
        },
        {
            "term": "cap",
            "definition": "\"Cap\" refers to any structure, system, subsystem, device, apparatus, assembly, or the like that is organized, configured, designed, arranged, or engineered to serve as a closure for a container. In one embodiment, a cap is a specific form of lid that is designed to cover and secure the opening of a container. Caps can be used to seal containers such as bottles, jars, reservoirs, housings, and tubes, and caps can provide various functions such as sealing, preventing spills, preserving the contents, and/or protecting against contamination. Caps can be different forms, including screw caps, snap-on caps, press-on caps, and twist-off caps, depending on the design of the container and the specific requirements of the closure. (© ChatGPT Aug. 3 Version, Modified, accessed chat.openai.com/chat Sept. 8, 2023)."
        },
        {
            "term": "cardioplegic solution cardioplegia",
            "definition": "\"Cardioplegic solution\" or \"cardioplegia\" refers to a specialized solution used during cardiac surgery to temporarily stop the heart's activity and protect the heart from damage while a surgical procedure is being performed. The cardioplegic solution can be infused into a heart's coronary arteries to induce controlled cardiac arrest, allowing a medical person to work on the heart in a bloodless and motionless state.(© ChatGPT Aug. 3 Version, Modified, accessed chat.openai.com/chat Aug. 31, 2023)."
        },
        {
            "term": "characteristic",
            "definition": "\"Characteristic\" refers to any property, trait, quality, or attribute of an object or thing. Examples of characteristics include, but are not limited to, condition, readiness for use, error condition, performance, behavior, a data value, a measurement, a setting, a feature, a function, electrical current leakage, unreadiness for use, size, weight, composition, feature set, and the like."
        },
        {
            "term": "clean perfusate",
            "definition": "\"Clean Perfusate\" refers to a quantity of perfusate that has an improved condition for use in perfusion relative to another quantity of perfusate. In certain embodiments, clean perfusate refers to a quantity perfusate that has undergone some form of cleaning, cleansing, purifying, or filtration process. In another embodiment, clean perfusate refers to a quantity perfusate that has been prepared, manufactured, or fabricated for use in perfusion but has not yet been used in a perfusion process. In another embodiment, clean perfusate refers to a quantity perfusate that has received an additive and/or supplement improves the condition of the perfusate for use in a perfusion process."
        },
        {
            "term": "continuous perfusion",
            "definition": "“Continuous Perfusion” refers to a type of organ perfusion in which the perfusion process, method, apparatus, system, and/or protocol operates without interruption, stoppage, or break. “Continuous Perfusion” can also refer to a perfusion process, method, apparatus, system, and/or protocol that includes an interruption, stoppage, or break, but the interruption, stoppage, or break is so small or so short that it has substantially no or little impact on the viability of a perfused organ. Alternatively, or in addition, “Continuous Perfusion” can also refer to a perfusion process, method, apparatus, system, and/or protocol that includes an interruption, stoppage, or break, but the interruption, stoppage, or break designed to overlap with a natural break or relaxation phase of an existing perfusion process, method, apparatus, system, and/or protocol."
        },
        {
            "term": "continuous refreshed perfusate",
            "definition": "\"Continuous Refreshed Perfusate\" refers to a quantity of perfusate that is refreshed from a suboptimal state to a more optimal state without interrupting, disrupting, or stopping fluid flow within a perfusion circuit. As used herein, continuous refers to a process with no break or interruption, as well as a process with a nominal break or interruption, as well as a process with a break or interruption that is small or short enough that one or more perfused organ experiences nominal or no adverse effects from the break or interruption. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the perfusate can be refreshed using a variety of methods, processes, techniques, devices, structures, systems, apparatuses, and the like. For example, the perfusate can be refreshed by way of one or more inline filters, a hemofiltration process (conducting using mechanical devices and/or living organs), a bulk perfusate exchange process, a constant perfusate replacement process, a dialysis process, a blood gas exchange process, a pH adjustment process, a temperature adjustment process, an oncotic pressure adjustment process, an addition of one or more nutrients, an addition of one or more additives, an addition of one or more supplements, an addition of one or more drugs, or the like."
        },
        {
            "term": "control loop",
            "definition": "\"Control Loop\" refers to a closed-loop process, method, or system that continuously monitors and adjusts a process to maintain a desired setpoint or target. Control loops can regulate and optimize processes, ensuring the processes operate within specified parameters and deliver consistent and reliable results. A control loop often includes the following components:\r\n\r\nProcess: The process is the system or operation that needs to be controlled or regulated. This could be a manufacturing process, a heating or cooling system, a chemical reaction, a biological process, a physiological process, or any other system with variable inputs, outputs, and/or parameters.\r\n\r\nSetpoint: The setpoint is the desired or target value that the process should achieve or maintain. The setpoint represents the ideal operating condition for the process.\r\n\r\nSensor (or Measuring Device): The sensor is a device that measures the current state, condition, or output of the process or one or more components and/or stages of a process. The sensor provides feedback for an actual process variable (PV) and sends this information to a controller.\r\n\r\nController: The controller can be a device and/or software of a computing device that receives input from the sensor and compares the input to the setpoint. Based on this comparison, the controller calculates the necessary control action to bring the process variable back to the setpoint.\r\n\r\nActuator: The actuator is a device, component, or mechanism that receives signals from the controller and physically adjusts the process or components or other aspects of a process to achieve the desired setpoint. The adjusted aspect could be a valve position, flow rate, flow pressure, motor revolutions per minute, motor on or off state, gate or port state (open or closed), proportional pinch valve position, heater/cooler increasing or decreasing heat/cold output, mass flow control (e.g., sweep gas flowrate) or any other device that can change a parameter of the process.\r\n\r\nFeedback Loop: The feedback loop is the continuous flow of information and control signals between the sensor, controller, and actuator. The feedback loop allows the controller to make real-time adjustments to keep the process variable close to or at the setpoint.\r\n\r\nA control loop can include one or more of setpoints, sensors, controllers, actuators, and/or feedback loops.\r\n\r\nThe basic operation of a control loop involves the controller comparing the actual process variable (PV) with the setpoint (SP) and generating a control signal that instructs the actuator to make adjustments. The process variable can be continuously measured and controlled to minimize deviation from the setpoint, ensuring that the process operates efficiently and within desired limits. (© ChatGPT Aug. 3 Version, Modified, accessed chat.openai.com/chat Sept. 7, 2023)."
        },
        {
            "term": "control system",
            "definition": "\"Control System\" refers to a collection of interconnected components or devices that work together to manage, regulate, or manipulate the behavior of a system or process. One purpose of a control system can be to ensure that a desired outcome or setpoint is achieved by continuously monitoring the system's performance and making necessary adjustments in real-time to maintain the desired conditions or performance criteria. Certain components of a control system may include: Input: Sensors or instruments that measure and collect data or information about the current state or condition of the system. These sensors provide feedback to the control system; Controller: The central component responsible for processing the feedback information and making decisions or calculations to adjust the system's behavior. Controllers can be implemented using hardware (like microcontrollers or PLCs) or software (in the case of software-based control systems); Actuators: Devices that receive control signals from the controller and carry out physical actions or adjustments to the system. Actuators can include motors, valves, pumps, or any other mechanism that can effect change in the system; Feedback Loop: The feedback loop is part of the control system that continuously compares the actual state of the system (as measured by sensors) with the desired state or setpoint. The controller uses this feedback to determine whether adjustments are needed."
        },
        {
            "term": "data signal",
            "definition": "\"Data signal\" refers to an electrical signal (wired or wireless) sent from one component, circuit, driver, device, manager, or controller to another component, circuit, driver, device, manager, or controller. In particular, a data signal is a signal configured to represent a data value. A data signal may be contrasted with a control signal configured to cause another device, component, manager, or controller to act in response to the control signal."
        },
        {
            "term": "defoamer",
            "definition": "\"Defoamer\" refers to an apparatus, instrument, structure, member, device, component, system, or assembly structured, organized, configured, designed, arranged, or engineered to remove and/or mitigate the presence of foam or bubbles in a fluid. In certain embodiments, a defoamer can also include features that remove or eliminate particulates, debris, air bubbles and other bubbles in a fluid. In certain embodiments, a defoamer is a specialized filter that concentrates on the removal of bubbles and/or air in a fluid."
        },
        {
            "term": "diverter",
            "definition": "\"Diverter\" refers to a structure, device, apparatus, member, component, system, assembly, module, or subsystem that is organized, configured, designed, arranged, or engineered to divert or change a path or a direction of an object. If the object is a fluid, a diverter is a structure, device, apparatus, member, component, system, assembly, module, or subsystem that changes a direction of flow and/or a path for the fluid. A diverter can be in an active state and an inactive state and/or a neutral state. In an active state, a diverter changes a direction or path for an object such as a fluid. In an inactive state, a diverter does not change a direction or path for an object such as a fluid. In neutral state, a diverter may neither change a direction or path or not change a direction or path for an object such as a fluid."
        },
        {
            "term": "donor",
            "definition": "\"Donor\" refers to an animal or human from which an organ is harvested that is to be used in an Ex Vivo perfusion system."
        },
        {
            "term": "Ex vivo perfusion",
            "definition": "\"Ex vivo perfusion\" refers to perfusion of an organ outside of the body of a human or animal that would normally include the organ."
        },
        {
            "term": "extracorporeal circuit",
            "definition": "\"Extracorporeal circuit\", \"extracorporeal bypass circuit\", or \"extracorporeal circulation\" refers to a device, apparatus, subsystem, system or the like that temporarily takes over the functions of an organ such as for example, a heart and/or lungs, during certain medical procedures. An extracorporeal circuit can involve the use of a specialized machine or system such as a perfusion system, a heart-lung machine, a cardiopulmonary bypass machine, or the like. The purpose of the extracorporeal circuit is to maintain oxygenation, circulation, and the removal of waste products from a blood or blood substitute while the organ is temporarily stopped or bypassed or included in a transplantation or experimentation process. (© ChatGPT Aug. 3 Version, Modified, accessed chat.openai.com/chat Aug. 31, 2023). Generally, an extracorporeal circuit can include a plurality of machines, devices, systems, subsystems, apparatuses, one or more conduits for conveying fluid between members of the extracorporeal circuit, a plurality of valves, sensors, monitors, one or more controllers, reservoirs, user interfaces, and the like."
        },
        {
            "term": "filter diversion system",
            "definition": "\"Filter Diversion System\" refers to any system, structure, subsystem, device, apparatus, assembly, or the like that is organized, configured, designed, arranged, or engineered to divert a fluid from a first path to a second path. In one embodiment, a filter diversion system can divert the fluid from a first filter to a second filter. A filter diversion system can be used to divert a fluid flow from the first path to the second path so that a filter on the first path can be removed and/or replaced. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that a filter diversion system can be implemented in a variety of ways and/or using a variety of components and/or instruments.\r\nFor example, in one embodiment, a filter diversion system can include a \"Y\" connected in a fluid circuit with one branch of the \"Y\" being an input, a second branch being an output branch conveying the fluid to a first filter, and a third branch being an output branch conveying the fluid to a second filter. The filter diversion system can include a first clamp or first valve on the second branch that is closed or clamped to stop fluid flow through the first filter and a second clamp or second valve on the third branch that is opened or released to enable the fluid to flow through the second filter. In another example, a filter diversion system can include a common housing that houses a first filter and second filter and has a common inlet port that connects to a diverter valve having a first setting and a second setting. With the diverter valve in the first setting the fluid can pass through the first filter and not the second filter and with the diverter valve in the second setting the fluid can pass through the second filter and not the first filter. Such a configuration can also be a filter diversion system in accordance with the present disclosure."
        },
        {
            "term": "filter media",
            "definition": "\"Filter Media\" refers to any material or substance used in a filtration system to separate particles or impurities from a fluid (liquid or gas). Filter media can be composed of various materials and come in different forms to suit specific filtration applications. The choice of filter media depends on factors such as the type and size of particles to be removed, the properties of the fluid being filtered, and the efficiency and durability required for the filtration process. Common types of filter media include Mechanical Filter Media: These are physical barriers that capture particles based on size. Examples include mesh screens, filter paper, and fabric materials like cotton or polyester. Mechanical filter media function by physically trapping particles larger than the pore size of the material; Activated Carbon: Activated carbon is a highly porous material with a large surface area that can adsorb and remove impurities, such as organic compounds and odors, from liquids and gases; Ceramic Filter Media: Ceramic materials, like ceramic foam or ceramic membranes, are used for filtering solids from liquids and gases. They are often used in water purification processes; Sand and Gravel: In applications like water treatment and pool filtration, sand and gravel are commonly used as filter media to remove particles and impurities from water; Diatomaceous Earth (DE): DE is a natural, finely powdered material that is used as a filter aid in pool filters and certain industrial filtration processes to remove fine particles; Fibrous Filter Media: Fibrous materials, such as fiberglass, cellulose, or synthetic fibers, are used in air filtration and HVAC systems to capture airborne particles, including dust and allergens; Membrane Filter Media: Membranes made of materials like polymeric films or ceramic are used to achieve precise filtration by blocking particles based on size. They can be common in applications like laboratory filtration and pharmaceutical processes; Pleated Filter Media: Pleated filter materials provide a larger filtration surface area in a compact space, improving filtration efficiency and extending the lifespan of filters. They are used in various filtration systems. (© ChatGPT Aug. 3 Version, Modified, accessed chat.openai.com/chat Sept. 8, 2023)."
        },
        {
            "term": "filtrate replacement fluid or ultrafiltrate replacement fluid",
            "definition": "\"Filtrate Replacement Fluid\" (FRF) or \"Ultrafiltrate Replacement Fluid\" (UFRF) refers to any fluid used in a perfusion procedure, perfusion circuit, and/or perfusion process. Typically, a FRF is supplied into a perfusion circuit in relation to an amount of filtrate and/or ultrafiltrate removed from the perfusion circuit. In certain embodiments, FRF is infused into the perfusion circuit at substantially the same rate as filtrate and/or ultrafiltrate is removed from the perfusion circuit. In another embodiment, FRF is infused into the perfusion circuit at a greater rate than filtrate and/or ultrafiltrate is removed from the perfusion circuit. In another embodiment, FRF is infused into the perfusion circuit at a lesser rate than filtrate and/or ultrafiltrate is removed from the perfusion circuit. FRF can include a variety of materials and can be a mixture and/or a composition. Examples of FRF include, but are not limited to, a blood plasma, natural donor blood, blood products that have been processed to remove certain blood products such as leukocytes and/or platelets, blood substitutes, synthetic perfusates, and the like."
        },
        {
            "term": "flow diversion system",
            "definition": "\"Flow Diversion System\" refers to any apparatus, device, system, structure, combination of these, or the like is engineered, designed, configured, and/or implemented to divert a fluid flowing in a first path to flow, at least partially a second path. A flow diversion system can include clamps, valves, levers, knobs, handles, controls, and the like, that may be manually operated, machine operated, electronically controlled actuator operated, or any combination of these. Examples of a flow diversion system include, but are not limited to, a set of clamps an operator can strategically deploy along a circuit path to divert a fluid, a set of mechanical valves, switches, or actuators positioned along a fluid path or fluid circuit, and/or a combination of these which may be activated manually by an operator and/or automatically be an electronic controller."
        },
        {
            "term": "fluid circuit",
            "definition": "\"Fluid Circuit\" refers to a closed-loop and/or interconnected apparatus, device, structure, assembly and/or system of conduits including pipes or tubes, valves, pumps, and other components devices or systems that are configured, engineered, and/or designed to control the flow of fluids, such as liquids or gases, within a specific process or application. (© ChatGPT Aug. 3 Version, Modified, accessed chat.openai.com/chat Sept. 7, 2023)."
        },
        {
            "term": "full working mode perfusion",
            "definition": "\"Working Mode Perfusion\" refers to a perfusion procedure, process, method, or mode for an ex vivo heart organ. The procedure involves perfusing a doner heart using a perfusion circuit such that the doner heart pumps a perfusate supplied to the left atrium into the left ventricle and then into the aorta and into coronary arteries. From the aorta, the perfusate passes through one or more compliance and/or resistance components designed to simulate the compliance and resistance the ex vivo heart would experience in the body of a recipient. The perfusate exits the compliance and/or resistance components into a perfusion reservoir. The perfusate also circulates through the coronary arteries and back into the right ventricle of the doner heart, where it joins a perfusate supplied to the right atrium which is pumped by the heart into the right ventricle which pumps perfusate into the pulmonary artery. From the pulmonary artery, the perfusate passes through one or more compliance and/or resistance components designed to simulate the pulmonary compliance and pulmonary vascular resistance the ex vivo heart would experience in the body of a recipient, returning into the perfusion reservoir, and eventually back into the left and right atria to repeat the perfusion circuit after having been reoxygenated. The Working Mode Perfusion procedure is intended to simulate operation of the ex vivo heart in a recipient."
        },
        {
            "term": "hematocrit",
            "definition": "\"Hematocrit\" refers to refers to the proportion of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in a total volume of blood. Hematocrit is often expressed as a percentage and can be abbreviated as Hct. (© ChatGPT Aug. 3 Version, Modified, accessed chat.openai.com/chat Aug. 30, 2023)."
        },
        {
            "term": "hemofilter",
            "definition": "\"Hemofilter\", \"hemodialyzers\", or \"dialysis filters\" refers to a structure, device, instrument, apparatus, system, implant, or the like, that is organized, configured, designed, engineered, and/or arranged to serve a filtering function in a hemofiltration process or method. In certain embodiments, a hemofilter can include a housing and a semipermeable membrane that allows selective passage of substances while retaining blood cells and larger molecules. A variety of biocompatible and effective filtration materials can be used. Examples of such materials include, but are not limited to: for the semipermeable membrane materials such as Polysulfone, Polyethersulfone, and/or Cellulose Acetate can be used. For the housing, ports, connectors, and conduit, medical-grade plastics, metal, ceramics, metal alloys, and/or composites can be used. The choice of materials in a hemofilter can be selected to minimize a risk of blood clot formation, mitigate activation of blood clotting factors, and/or mitigate immune responses during blood filtration. (© ChatGPT Aug. 3 Version, Modified, accessed chat.openai.com/chat Aug. 31, 2023)."
        },
        {
            "term": "hemofiltration",
            "definition": "\"Hemofiltration\" refers to a process, method, procedure that filters and cleanses blood (or a blood substitute such as a perfusate) by removing excess fluid, waste products, and electrolytes from the bloodstream. Hemofiltration can be considered a form of renal replacement therapy. In one embodiment of hemofiltration, the blood (or a blood substitute such as a perfusate) passes through a semipermeable membrane, which allows a fluid of water, electrolytes, and small molecules (including waste products) to pass through while retaining larger blood cells and proteins. This fluid that passes through the membrane, along with waste products and excess electrolytes, can be referred to as an ultrafiltrate or simply filtrate. \r\nThe ultrafiltrate can be collected and discarded to effectively remove excess fluid from the bloodstream/blood circuit. To prevent excessive removal of fluid and/or certain electrolytes, drugs, and/or nutrients, a replacement fluid, referred to herein as a filtrate replacement fluid (FRF) or ultrafiltrate replacement fluid (UFRF) together with, or without, drugs and/or nutrients, can be infused back into the bloodstream/blood circuit. This helps maintain a desired composition in the bloodstream/blood circuit. In hemofiltration, a portion of the blood (or a blood substitute such as a perfusate) that does not pass through the membrane and remains on the intake or input side of the membrane is referred to as a retentate. Retentate can include water, blood cells, proteins, and larger solutes. (© ChatGPT Aug. 3 Version, Modified, accessed chat.openai.com/chat Aug. 31, 2023)."
        },
        {
            "term": "kilodalton",
            "definition": "Kilodalton (kDa) refers to a unit of measurement used in biochemistry and molecular biology to express the molecular weight or mass of molecules, particularly proteins, peptides, and other large biological molecules. The dalton (Da), also known as the unified atomic mass unit (u), is a unit of mass used to describe the mass of atoms and molecules on a molecular scale. It is defined as one twelfth the mass of an atom of carbon-12. (© ChatGPT Aug. 3 Version, accessed chat.openai.com/chat Aug. 31, 2023)."
        },
        {
            "term": "langendorff perfusion",
            "definition": "\"Langendorff perfusion\" or \"Beating Heart, Resting Mode\" refers to a perfusion procedure, process, method, or mode for an ex vivo heart organ. The procedure involves perfusing a doner heart using a perfusion circuit to pump perfusate in a retrograde manner into the ligated aorta and antegrade thru the coronary arteries of the heart to nourish the doner heart and remove waste. The perfusate circulates through the coronary arteries and back into the right atrium of the doner heart, then into the right ventricle, returning thru cannula and tubing to the perfusion reservoir via the pulmonary artery, and eventually back into the aorta and coronary arteries after having been reoxygenated. The perfusion procedure is named for Otto Langendorff who developed the procedure."
        },
        {
            "term": "marginal organ",
            "definition": "... refers to"
        },
        {
            "term": "measured parameter",
            "definition": "\"Measured Parameter\" refers to any parameter that can be measured for a particular device, apparatus, process, method, circuit, or the like. In the context of a perfusion circuit, a measured parameter can include any perfusion parameter that can be measured. Examples of measured parameters in a perfusion circuit, can include, a flow rate, a fluid pressure, a temperature, a weight, an Oxygen saturation (SO2) level, an oxygen (CaO2) content level, Oxygen utilization, Oxygen extraction, vascular resistance, aortic insufficiency level, ventricular P-V loop characteristics, glucose level, lactate level, a pH level, a hematocrit level, a carbon dioxide (pCO2) partial pressure level, a carbon dioxide content (%CO2), electrocardiogram (EKG) reading, beat rate of heart, a partial pressure of Oxygen (pO2), a motor speed, filtrate removal rate, gas flowrate, and the like."
        },
        {
            "term": "metabolic waste",
            "definition": "\"Metabolic waste\" refers to the waste products and byproducts generated during the metabolic processes that occur within living organisms. Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that take place within cells to maintain life and carry out various physiological functions. These metabolic processes involve the breakdown of nutrients, energy production, and the synthesis of essential molecules. Examples of metabolic waste substances include, but are not limited to, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Creatinine, Lactic Acid, and the like.  (© ChatGPT Aug. 3 Version, Modified, accessed chat.openai.com/chat Sept. 7, 2023)."
        },
        {
            "term": "Normothermic Ex Vivo Perfusion (NEVP)",
            "definition": "\"Normothermic Ex Vivo Perfusion\" (NEVP) or \"Normothermic perfusion\" refers to a form of perfusion involving an organ outside a body of a human or animal that is perfused at a temperate at or about a normal temperature the organ experiences when functioning within a human or animal. NEVP can also include temperatures slightly lower than normal which is subnormothermic. In example implementations a NEVP system or apparatus can include settings for temperatures in the following ranges: Hypothermic about +4C degrees to about +10C degrees; Subnormothermic about 15C degrees to about 30C degrees; Normothermic about 37C degrees."
        },
        {
            "term": "nutrient carriers",
            "definition": "\"Nutrient carriers\" refers to"
        },
        {
            "term": "organ",
            "definition": "\"Organ\" refers to a distinct anatomical structure composed of specialized tissues that perform specific functions within an organism's body. Organs are essential components of living organisms, ranging from simple organisms to complex multicellular organisms including animals and humans. Organs cooperate to support the overall function of an organism and maintain its physiological processes. (© ChatGPT Aug. 3 Version, Modified, accessed chat.openai.com/chat Aug. 30, 2023). Examples of an organ include tissue and body parts, including arms, hands, feet, legs, fingers, toes and include organs such as a heart, a brain, a kidney, a lung, a pancreas, a stomach, an intestine, a liver, and the like."
        },
        {
            "term": "organ chamber",
            "definition": "\"Organ Chamber\" refers to any apparatus, instrument, structure, device, component, system, or assembly structured, organized, configured, designed, arranged, or engineered to hold, support, retain, house, enclose, or contain one or more organs. An organ chamber can include a base and a cover, dome, lid, or door, and/or one or more access ports or openings to permit access to the organ by tubing, hoses, probes, wires, conduit, instruments, or the like. In certain embodiments, an organ chamber may be made of plastic or glass and may be reusable or disposable. In certain embodiments, an organ chamber can be implemented as a flexible sac arranged to hold and support the organ. The organ chamber may also include or may be filled with fluid. When implemented as a flexible sac or a structure that includes fluid, this can allows ultrasonic evaluation of the organ and its anatomical structure."
        },
        {
            "term": "oxygenator",
            "definition": "\"Oxygenator\" refers to any structure, apparatus, surface, device, system, feature, or aspect configured for use in extracorporeal circulation systems, such as normothermic ex-vivo perfusion system. An oxygenator's primary function is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the patient's blood, a perfusion fluid, and/or a perfusate. (© ChatGPT Aug. 3 Version, Modified, accessed chat.openai.com/chat Aug. 30, 2023). In one embodiment, an oxygenator can be configured to exchange gases in order to maintain a target level of oxygen (O2) content and target carbon dioxide (CO2) level (or pH) of a perfusate for a perfusion operation. In certain embodiments, an oxygenator may include functionality to heat or cool a fluid supplied to the oxygenator. Consequently, the oxygenator may include a heater and/or a cooler .In one implementation, an oxygenator may have a hollow fiber membrane section or metallic tubes in contact with blood or perfusate that carry circulated temperature controlled water that is provided by a heater/cooler in order to transfer thermal energy to or from the blood or perfusate."
        },
        {
            "term": "parallel diversion system",
            "definition": "\"Parallel diversion system\" refers to a type of flow diversion system in which an apparatus, devices, system, structure, or the like is engineered, designed, configured, and/or implemented to divert a fluid flowing in a first path to flow both in the first path and in a second path such that at least a portion of the fluid flows in both the first path and the second path. \r\nIn certain embodiments, a parallel diversion system is a binary parallel diversion system such that transitioning a fluid from the first path to both the first path and the second path results in approximately fifty percent of the fluid flowing in both the first path and the second path. Activating the parallel diversion system transitions fluid flow in the first path from substantially no fluid flow to a fifty percent fluid flow. \r\nIn another embodiment, a parallel diversion system is a proportional diversion system such that transitioning a fluid from the first path to both the first path and the second path results in fluid flow in the second path increasing to a proportion of fluid flow that is equal to one minus a percentage of the fluid flowing in a fluid path that includes both the first path and the second path such that combining a percentage of the fluid flowing in the first path and a percentage of the fluid flowing in the second path substantially equals one hundred percent of the fluid flowing in the fluid path."
        },
        {
            "term": "parameter",
            "definition": "\"Parameter\" refers to a limit or boundary which defines the scope of a particular structure, system, assembly, setting, process, function, operation, and/or activity. (Search \"parameter\" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2023. Web. Modified. Accessed 30 Aug. 2023.)"
        },
        {
            "term": "partial working mode perfusion",
            "definition": "\"Partial Working Mode Perfusion\" or \"Left Atrial Perfusion\" refers to a perfusion procedure, process, method, or mode for an ex vivo heart organ. The procedure involves perfusing a doner heart using a perfusion circuit such that the doner heart pumps a perfusate supplied to the left atrium into the left ventricle and then into the aorta and into coronary arteries. From the aorta, the perfusate passes through one or more compliance and/or resistance components designed to simulate the compliance and resistance the ex vivo heart would experience in the body of a recipient. The perfusate exits the compliance and/or resistance components into a perfusion reservoir. The perfusate also circulates through the coronary arteries and back into the right ventricle of the doner heart, then through the right atrium, the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery into the perfusion reservoir, and eventually back into the left atrium to repeat the perfusion circuit after having been reoxygenated. The partial working mode perfusion procedure is intended to simulate operation of the left side of the ex vivo heart."
        },
        {
            "term": "perfusate",
            "definition": "\"Perfusate\" refers to a fluid used in perfusion. (Search \"perfuse\" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2023. Web. Modified. Accessed 30 Aug. 2023.) Perfusate can also be referred to as perfusion fluid. Examples of a perfusate, include fluids based on, or that include, one or more products found in blood, whole blood, blood that has been treated to remove certain blood products such as leukocytes and/or platelets, or the like. A perfusate may also include a synthetic fluid such as STEEN solution tm or the like. Certain perfusates may be available from a donor, from a blood bank, or from a perfusate vendor."
        },
        {
            "term": "perfusate filtration system",
            "definition": "\"Perfusate Filtration System\" refers to any system that filters perfusate. A perfusate filtration system can be integrated with and in line with a fluid circuit or a perfusate filtration system can be separate and independent of a fluid circuit."
        },
        {
            "term": "perfusate hemofiltration system",
            "definition": "\"Perfusate Hemofiltration System\" refers to any system that performs hemofiltration on perfusate. A perfusate hemofiltration system can be integrated with and/or in line with a fluid circuit or a perfusate hemofiltration system can be separate and independent of a fluid circuit. One example of a perfusate hemofiltration system is Prismaflex HF1000 available from Baxter, Inc. of Opelika Alabama."
        },
        {
            "term": "perfusate supply",
            "definition": "\"Perfusate Supply\" refers to a source for a quantity of perfusate for use in perfusion."
        },
        {
            "term": "perfusate supply exchange system",
            "definition": "\"Perfusate Supply Exchange System\" refers to any system that exchanges a quantity of at least twenty-five percent of a perfusate in a perfusion circuit with another quantity of at least twenty-five percent of a replacement perfusate for the perfusion circuit. A perfusate supply exchange system can be integrated with and/or in line with a fluid circuit or a perfusate supply exchange system can be separate and independent of a fluid circuit. One example of a perfusate supply exchange system is dual chamber/bladder disclosed herein."
        },
        {
            "term": "perfusion",
            "definition": "\"Perfusion\" refers to an act of forcing a fluid to flow or driving a fluid over or through something, especially through an organ, tissue, or other part of the body of a human or animal. (Search \"perfuse\" on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2023. Web. Modified. Accessed 30 Aug. 2023.) Often, the fluid used in perfusion is blood, a blood-based product, and/or a blood substitute."
        },
        {
            "term": "perfusion parameter",
            "definition": "\"Perfusion Parameter\" refers to a parameter for managing, controlling, monitoring, assessing, evaluating, and/or operating a perfusion process and/or system."
        },
        {
            "term": "perfusion protocol",
            "definition": "\"Perfusion Protocol\" refers to a protocol that can be used to setup, initiate, perform, and/or complete a perfusion process or procedure. In one embodiment, a perfusion protocol may outline standardized, predetermined, or accepted steps and parameters or initial settings for conducting a perfusion procedure. A perfusion protocol might include details such as: a) Equipment setup and calibration, b) Patient preparation and monitoring, c) Anticoagulation procedures to prevent blood clotting, d) flow rates and pressures for a perfusion circuit, e) Oxygenation and temperature control, f) Monitoring and recording vital signs and blood parameters, g) Troubleshooting guidelines for any issues that may arise during the procedure, and the like. (© ChatGPT Aug. 3 Version, Modified, accessed chat.openai.com/chat Sept. 8, 2023)."
        },
        {
            "term": "port",
            "definition": "\"Port\" refers to an opening configured, engineered, and/or designed for passage of a fluid. Often \"port\" is used with a modifier describing and differentiating a direction of flow of a fluid through the port. For example, an \"inlet port\" refers to a port configured and/or oriented to allow a fluid to pass through the port and into a container or other vessel. An \"outlet port\" refers to a port configured and/or oriented to allow a fluid to pass through the port and out of a container or other vessel. Similarly, “port” can be used with a modifier that identifies the container or vessel to which the port enables fluid communication of the fluid. For example, a “reservoir inlet port” refers to a port that enables a fluid to pass into a reservoir. Similarly, a “reservoir outlet port” refers to a port that enables a fluid to pass out of a reservoir."
        },
        {
            "term": "protocol",
            "definition": "\"Protocol\" refers to a set of instructions, settings, parameters, preconditions, tools, devices components, and the like for performing a specific method or process. A protocol can have a variety or forms and/or formats and can be communicated using a variety of means, devices, and/or methods. For example, a protocol can be defined by a set of data, a set of parameters, a list of components, a list of conditions, a set of thresholds, a set of text, a series or sequence of steps and/or instructions, or any combination of these."
        },
        {
            "term": "pump",
            "definition": "“Pump” refers to an apparatus, instrument, structure, member, device, component, system, or assembly structured, organized, configured, designed, arranged, or engineered to convey a fluid. In certain embodiments, a pump may convey a fluid within a conduit, out of a conduit, from a storage structure, or out of a storage structure. In certain embodiments, a pump can convey a fluid within a fluid circuit. Pumps may have different names based on the type and/or configuration of the pump. Certain pumps can be more suited to conveying a gas others can be more suited to conveying a liquid. Examples of pumps include, but are not limited to, positive displacement pumps, centrifugal pumps, reciprocating pumps, diaphragm pumps, peristaltic pumps, and the like. For a medical or biological application, a peristaltic pump may be used to mitigate contamination of a fluid pumped by the pump."
        },
        {
            "term": "recipient",
            "definition": "\"Recipient\" refers to an animal or human into which a harvested organ is to be transplanted."
        },
        {
            "term": "replaceable reservoir",
            "definition": "\"Replaceable Reservoir\" refers to any reservoir, tank, or fluid holding structure configured, designed, and/or engineered to be replaced within a fluid circuit. A \"replaceable reservoir\" also refers to any reservoir, tank, or fluid holding structure configured, designed, and/or engineered to enable replacement of a quantity of fluid supplied by the replaceable reservoir. In one embodiment, a replaceable reservoir is disposable. In one embodiment, a replaceable reservoir is reusable. In one embodiment, a replaceable reservoir includes a set of chambers, for example a pair of chambers and one chamber (or the fluid of one chamber) can be replaced while another chamber is in use. In one embodiment, a replaceable reservoir includes a set of cartridges, for example a pair of cartridges and one cartridge can be replaced while another cartridge is in use."
        },
        {
            "term": "reservoir or fluid reservoir",
            "definition": "“Reservoir” or “Fluid Reservoir” refers to an apparatus, instrument, structure, member, device, component, system, or assembly structured, organized, configured, designed, arranged, or engineered to store, retain, or hold a fluid. In certain embodiments, a reservoir may include a plurality of components coupled to, connected to, and/or integrated with the reservoir. In certain embodiments, a reservoir is an open container. In one embodiment, a reservoir is a closed, sealed container. In one embodiment, a reservoir includes a lid or cap that enables the reservoir to operate either open or closed and/or sealed. In certain embodiments, a reservoir can include a plurality of containers or chambers."
        },
        {
            "term": "revitalized perfusate",
            "definition": "\"Revitalized Perfusate\" refers to   a quantity of perfusate having a state or condition that is higher or better than another quantity of perfusate used or to be used in a perfusion circuit. In certain embodiments, revitalized perfusate refers to a quantity perfusate that has undergone some form of cleaning, cleansing, purifying, or filtration process. In another embodiment, revitalized perfusate refers to a quantity perfusate that has been prepared, manufactured, or fabricated for use in perfusion but has not yet been used in a perfusion process. In another embodiment, revitalized perfusate refers to a quantity perfusate that has received an additive, a drug, and/or supplement that improves the condition of the perfusate for use in a perfusion process. In one embodiment, a revitalized perfusate is obtained by one or more components of a perfusion circuit processing the perfusate. In another embodiment, a revitalized perfusate is obtained by introducing revitalized perfusate to a perfusion circuit. In another embodiment, a revitalized perfusate is obtained by introducing revitalized perfusate to a perfusion circuit and removing a quantity of perfusate replaced by the revitalized perfusate. In one embodiment, revitalized perfusate refers to a quantity perfusate that has received a nutrient, an additive, a drug, and/or supplement that improves the condition of the perfusate for use in a perfusion process. In one embodiment, a revitalized perfusate is obtained by one or more components of a perfusion circuit processing perfusate that is already circulating in a perfusion circuit. In one embodiment, a revitalized perfusate is obtained by introducing a quantity of revitalized perfusate to a perfusion circuit. A revitalized perfusate can include a perfusate that has had one or more waste products removed. A revitalized perfusate can include a perfusate that has had one or more nutrients and/or drugs added. A revitalized perfusate can include a perfusate that has had one or more waste products removed and one or more nutrients added."
        },
        {
            "term": "sequential diversion",
            "definition": "\"Sequential diversion\" refers to a type of flow diversion in which an apparatus, devices, system, structure, or the like is engineered, designed, configured, and/or implemented to divert a fluid from a first path to a second path such that the fluid flow transitions from flowing along the first path to flowing along the second path."
        },
        {
            "term": "storage device or storage",
            "definition": "\"Storage device\" or \"Storage\" refers to any hardware, system, sub-system, circuit, component, module, non-volatile memory media, hard disk drive, storage array, device, or apparatus configured, programmed, designed, or engineered to store data for a period of time and retain the data in the storage device while the storage device is not using power from a power supply.  Examples of storage devices include, but are not limited to, a hard disk drive, FLASH memory, MRAM memory, a Solid-State storage device, Just a Bunch Of Disks (JBOD), Just a Bunch Of Flash (JBOF), an external hard disk, an internal hard disk, and the like."
        },
        {
            "term": "Suitability for transplantation",
            "definition": "... refers to"
        },
        {
            "term": "supply reservoir",
            "definition": "\"Supply Reservoir\" refers to a reservoir that serves as a source for a quantity of a fluid."
        },
        {
            "term": "sweep gas",
            "definition": "\"Sweep gas\" refers to a gas mixture (often oxygen and air) used to remove waste gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and other waste gases from a respiratory system or within an extracorporeal circuits such as those used in perfusion systems including, but not limited to, normothermic ex-vivo perfusion system (NEVP), cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during cardiac surgery, and/or in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). (© ChatGPT Aug. 3 Version, Modified, accessed chat.openai.com/chat Aug. 30, 2023)."
        },
        {
            "term": "tubing",
            "definition": "\"Tubing\" refers to any conduit or combination of a plurality of conduits organized, configured, designed, arranged, connected, coupled, or engineered to convey a fluid from an origin to a destination. In certain embodiments, tubing can be used in a fluid circuit."
        },
        {
            "term": "ultrafilter",
            "definition": "\"Ultrafilter\" refers to a dense filter used for the filtration of a colloidal solution that holds back the dispersed particles but not the liquid. “Ultrafilter.” Merriam-Webster.com Medical Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/ultrafilter. Accessed 31 Aug. 2023."
        },
        {
            "term": "Viability",
            "definition": "\"Viability\" refers to the ability of an organ to perform its functions effectively and to sustain life. (© ChatGPT Aug. 3 Version, Modified, accessed chat.openai.com/chat Sept. 7, 2023)."
        },
        {
            "term": "waste gas",
            "definition": "\"Waste Gas\" refers to a gas or gas mixture that has or can have a negative influence on a thing or a system. Examples of waste gases include, but are not limited to, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and the like."
        }
    ]
}